Dreaming of El Niño Winter

August 5, 2012

Credit: NOAA
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I promised several readers last week that I would write about winter.

There is nothing like a heat wave to make you dream of crisp cool winter days and quiet drifts of snow. (Ok, Californians, I know you dream of 72˚ weather and enough rain that you don’t have to water the still blossoming garden.)

If, as most climate experts expect, we have an El Niño, winter might be a bit weird.

Click to expand. Satellite pictures show how El Niños develop. SOURCE: NOAA.

Basically, an El Niño (Spanish for “Little Boy) occurs when the Tropical Pacific is unusually warm, more than 0.5˚C or 0.9˚F hotter than average. It heats the air above it, which allows the atmosphere to hold more moisture. Air pressure changes and that changes wind patterns. The unusual warmth lasts for months. Since the warm area is hundreds of thousands of square miles in size, it usually changes weather around the Pacific Rim and throughout the tropics.

El Niños move. The warmer water drifts east, while new warm water wells up in the center of the Pacific. Eventually the warm water crashes into the west coast of South America, around Ecuador. From there, it drifts north along the West Coast until it is off the coast of California. Warmth shifts north in the West and winds carry it inland. Meanwhile, the Pacific jetstream is shifted north and the southern tier of states wallow in water. (Good news for Texas!)

Click to expand. El Niños bring warmer weather north and cooler weather south. SOURCE: NOAA.

El Niños normally make the northern states and Canada warmer and the southern states and Mexico wetter. Confusing, isn’t it!

Unfortunately, for my Ohio readers, parts of the Midwest have less snow, which means things stay dry.

Of course, El Niño isn’t the only pattern that shapes winter. If an Arctic Oscillation is in a negative mood, it will be cold. The Arctic Oscillation is the king of winter, and a “little boy” cannot fight a king.

So, if you love shoveling snow off your sidewalks, this winter may disappoint you. If you like cool but not frigid weather, El Niño may be your best friend.

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Evelyn Browning Garriss, historical climatologist, blogger, writer for The Old Farmer's Almanac, and editor of The Browning Newsletter, has advised farmers, businesses, and investors worldwide on upcoming climate events and their economic and social impact for the past 21 years.

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Comments

By Amanda-Beth

Laughs. Idk what this el stuff dose but acorns and pine cones are dropping which means cold and snowy in north east indiana and Michigan(which I still think is stupid the indiana, Michigan and Ohio are part of Midwest) and its not unusual come January to have 15 below up here and snow freeze over yes snow is frozen water can freeze again. In January we beg up here for anything not in negtives. Admit last yr was warmer then usual clearly by temps and nature it wont be long before brr and snow. But the heat explains why no black cherries from Michigan this yr had to settle for Northwest cherries they aren't as good

By LaTrice Lott

So when would know for sure if El Nino is in effective and if the NAO is negative?

By Betty G.

I asked my uncle "so what do you think this winter will be like with an el nino" and he said "if theres one thing ive learned about an el nino winter is that you just dont ever know what that little boy is up to, we may be a bit mild in the winter then we have a nasty March snowstorm or we may end up getting a stormy cold December then you get tricked with the rest of the winter warming up a bit" in his 45 years of studying the weather, el nino plays pranks on us so... who knows! but he said even if el nino does argue for a mild winter, it will be pleasant. We will still have a winter but we wont shiver to death like we did the last few. That is what i like, mild. Not a record warm winter but a winter where we dont have to leave the heat on but so often! a fair share of snow and cold in the mix

By dellinger

Let it snow! Let it snow! Let it snow!

Its all I've got. I don't pretend to understand weather patterns so I really can't discuss them or comment on them. I just really miss seeing snow.

By Evelyn Browning...

Like you, I love seeing snow. Now, driving in the white stuff, that is a different story.

By Karen I.

I also believe this winter should be more of a winter than last. We desperately need that colder winter. Bugs are terrible this year. Will a positive NAO still do us good this winter? I dont want it frigid but atleast colder than last year! When is el nino coming? The midwest needs more moisture. Those snowy winter skies to recover the drought over the winter. We do need that winter in the east and midwest!!

By Evelyn Browning...

Even if it wasn't strongly negative, it would certainly kill a lot of the insects. Frequently El Ninos bring warm, relatively dry winters but it also usually brings lovely wet springtime in the Midwest.

By Evelyn Browning...

Even if it wasn't strongly negative, it would certainly kill a lot of the insects. Frequently El Ninos bring warm, relatively dry winters but it also usually brings lovely wet springtime in the Midwest.

By JUNJUN

I think here in Texas we are probably gonna have a very cool September with an early frost or freeze coming in early October. I also think it will be rainy all the way from Oct through May with a major risk of severe weather from Late October through Early December followed by a major cold spell in January. I dont think we will see much snow, but freezing rain and ice might be in the offing especially early December and Mid to Late Jan and mid feb.

By Evelyn Browning...

That sounds like a pleasant change from the current heat and dry weather.

By Evelyn Browning...

That sounds like a pleasant change from the current heat and dry weather.

By McK12

I love a cold December. As long as I get my wonderful beautiful snowy December morning then my winter is all set :) I remember when I was little and i wake up on Christmas morning and I see a frosty, icy winter wonderland outside and id just have that smile on my face when it snowed. Last December was absolutely horrible. It was upsetting and my kids couldnt take time and enjoy the gift of winter time. As long as December 2012 is colder! I want to go back to the past when you came inside and had a mug of hot chocolate after building a snowman and having a snowball fight with my brother! That was good times. Winter brings back alot more memories, i hope this year is a differnt story. Another 2009-10 is what im hoping for! In Virginia you will rarely see a temperature above 60 degrees in the winter, and i want it to stay that way! no more allergies in February

By Evelyn Browning...

I'm afraid you probably won't see a winter like 2009 - 2012. That year the Arctic Oscillation went crazy and was incredibly negative. It caused some record cold and snow!

By Evelyn Browning...

I'm afraid you probably won't see a winter like 2009 - 2012. That year the Arctic Oscillation went crazy and was incredibly negative. It caused some record cold and snow!

By Jane Ford

Last winter was hardly what I could call "winter" here in Arkansas. I didn't even use one tank of gas for heating, which is good, but---last summer started early and was so hot and dry, I spent the whole summer inside under the air conditioning. The two winters before that were exceptionally cold, as everyone knows. The iguanas were falling out of the trees in Florida, and the manatees were suffering and looking for warmer water. One found its way up the Mississippi to a waste water outlet that was warmer than the surrounding waters. Now, that seemed like an indication of pole shift. NASA has just come out with something interesting about the space climate and what is happening on the Sun and with the planets as we pass through a region of cosmic clouds, not known before this. I really believe there is some connection. Nothing would surprise me anymore. I like my winters a little bit on the wet and warm side, with at least one nice snow. :)

By Evelyn Browning...

The sun is doing some really crazy stuff. I love writing about "space weather" as well as what we have here in the US and Canada.

By KathyArk

Several years ago we had way too much snow, the kids missed almost three weeks of school. Another year we had ice storms all winter. This past winter lasted for 4 days in November. I'm ready for some normalcy, already. Normal for northern Arkansas; rain starts around Halloween, cold snap around Thanksgiving, 2 or three snows around Christmas, warm a little in January, first of February get more snow (not ice or tornadoes again, Mother Nature, do you hear me?), then snow showers until the middle of March, then slooooowly warming until about the middle of May. Had I been more energetic I could have planted my garden in January, we were hitting upper 70's by then! Ready for it to get back to the way it's supposed to be!

By Evelyn Browning...

I've been told by some experts that a long-term weather pattern, called the PDO has shifted, meaning we are in for a new "normal". If they are right, we are looking at weather more like what we had in the 1950s rather than what we had in the 1980s and 1990s.

By Jennie S.

im gonna have to give up on a winter in the southeast arent i? In North Carolina last winter was unacceptable!! We had an inch of snow last winter. 1 inch?? If we dont get more snow and cold this year then we could be looking at another disaster. I understand.. warm winter days may feel good, but the effects of them are very bad. Our summer is feeding off of our warm, dry winter. If you want water to drink and wet conditions, you need higher snow pack in winter! I miss the winters i once loved and we looked foward to sitting at the fireplace, enjoying a nice, cold Christmas day. We had plenty of that before 2011-12 but non existant winters are probably going to happen for now on, right?

By dellinger

I'm jealous that you got an inch of snow. I'm in South Carolina and we got none. Yes, thats right, zero. I had my windows open last winter some days and wore flip flops to work most of the time. I just want it to snow. I'm not asking for much.

By Evelyn Browning...

Normally El Ninos bring cooler and wetter winters to the South. You may be in luck.

By diane robey v.

Ok, so if last winter was dominated by a very strongly positive NAO that lasted the whole season. Does that mean that even if we do have a positive NAO that it will be less strongly positive? Meaning this winter will be more of a winter. Can we still get cold weather and snow with a positive NAO?

By Evelyn Browning...

Last winter's NAO was record-breaking for how strongly positive it was and how long it lasted. Most years have the NAO go from positive to negative and back again. Most positive NAO winters have occasional spells of a negative or neutral NAO with a flurry of cold or cool weather.

By houdini

Iwill take 70 degrees in december january and february and march over a normal winter anytime place you all acan have the snow and cold justgive me 60 degrees at least all yr long

By Evelyn Browning...

You sound like you need to be in Northern California. Some of those cities, like Eureka have mellow weather close to 60 degrees all year.

By Norcal

I have lived in Northern Ca. all my life. I want to enlighten the rest of the U.S. to the fact we have unpredictable weather here too. Always have in my 42 years...
Early frost causing fruit trees to drop, rained for six weeks solid a couple years ago. Last year hardly a drop. It even snows from time to time up here, though not usually enough to stick for more than a day or two. Summer's hotter & longer lately...
We all share this planet and mother nature 's moods. I think she 's a little angry at us for taking her wealth for granted. She's teaching us who 's boss. All will change again. Like the wise Ms. Browning said, most climate shifts that people are fearful of are long patterns. And I believe that leaves plenty of room for change.

By Angie Gentley

Thank you, Penny13! We as humans can do our best to understand all of the factors that influence weather around the globe, but we will never fully understand "mother nature," so to speak. That's why great people like Evelyn spend their entire lives studying climate and weather so that it may be better predicted-just as in life, there is no guarantee with weather. Perhaps we as humans are meant to come up with alternative ways of sustaining our existence by using all the knowledge we have to find other methods of growing crops. Ban together and formulate new ways to feed our countries instead of separately suffering. Here in VT, I can see the change of seasons already-the first reds are peeking through a sea of green tree tops. Just a couple trees here and there. The sun still blazes and the humidity is unsurpassed to the VA summers I remember growing up-but fear not; for anyone in the NE, we have just been granted an extra length of growing opportunity-I hope we all can take advantage of that.

By Evelyn Browning...

Thank you for your generous words.

Like you, I hope we can use the increased science of weather and climate to increase healthy food production.

By Lyndon Stivers

Coming from a long line of farmers, I know how crucial a hard freeze is to agriculture. As a child, I hardly recall a single Christmas without snow, but it began to change in the '70's. Now we never know, and a white Christmas is a real treat. We're at the bottom of the Midwest, in Kentucky. And yes, the insects were terrible this year. I hate 90-100 degree weather in the Summer, but I can deal with it as long as it's balanced by a good, solid, frigid Winter stretch. I love the change of seasons, it's magickal!

By Evelyn Browning...

There is a long-term cycle, called the PDO that changed in the 1970s, and it really changed a lot of winter patterns. Some experts are claiming that it has changed back and will be bringing back some of that old fashioned weather.

If the experts are right, then white Christmas may become more common again.

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