In the fall, it seems that almost any warm day is referred to by most people as "Indian summer."
And, while their error is certainly not of the world-shaking variety, they are, for the most part, in error. Here are criteria for an Indian summer:
- As well as being warm, the atmosphere during Indian summer is hazy or smoky, there is no wind, the barometer is standing high, and the nights are clear and chilly.
- A moving, cool, shallow polar air mass is converting into a deep, warm, stagnant anticyclone (high pressure) system, which has the effect of causing the haze and large swing in temperature between day and night.
- The time of occurrence is important: The warm days must follow a spell of cold weather or a good hard frost.
- The conditions described above must occur between St. Martin's Day (November 11) and November 20. For over 200 years, The Old Farmer's Almanac has adhered to the saying, "If All Saints' (November 1) brings out winter, St. Martin's brings out Indian summer."
Why is Indian summer called Indian summer? There are many theories. Some say it comes from the early Algonquian Native Americans, who believed that the condition was caused by a warm wind sent from the court of their southwestern god, Cautantowwit.
The most probable origin of the term, in our view, goes back to the very early settlers in New England. Each year they would welcome the arrival of a cold wintry weather in late October when they could leave their stockades unarmed. But then came a time when it would suddenly turn warm again, and the Native Americans would decide to have one more go at the settlers. "Indian summer," the settlers called it.
Are you experiencing Indian summer conditions in your area? Please post a comment below!



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Comments
By Bill NC
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The timing is off as its now January 13,2013. And the atmosphere is not hazy or smoky, so no. But we are having some warm weather today, short sleeve weather, a windbreaker is too warm. And the nights do get cold. So its similar enough that some call it an Indian summer.
By RParker
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It has been really cold here. Furnace has been on close to 2 weeks now. Only in the low 40's for high's and low 30's for night time temps. Had a real heavy frost this morn. Ground was a sea of white this morn.
By Christine A. Weaver
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Here in California, we've got the sunny, warm (record-breaking high) temperatures and haze, 'clearly' an inversion layer. But the evenings have also been warmish, not chilly. A high pressure system just to the east of us is expected to travel further east later today, allowing temperatures to drop.
By carolannevans
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We didn't have Indian Summer yet..it's plus 2 degrees currently..
By Robert Garson
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A wonderful surprise today, the sun is shining, temps rising and the snow is melting fast here in SW Manitoba. Aside from the date, this has to be Indian Summer.
By Ed Hanus
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What does it matter in northern Illinois, wait 5 minutes and it will change. The hot summer is over, winter is on it's way. We have had heavy frost and the leaves are down and by the weekend they say we will have the 70s.
By wanda s t 1959
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In Virginia its been in the 60s alot with nighttime temps generally chilly in the 30s and 40s. Next week were supposed to be well in the 70s. Does this apply to an indian summer? Do indian summers mean a mild winter? I want that colder winter
By Marg
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Does there not have to be snow first before Indian Summer here in Ontario?
By Sanberry
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In Michigan. Its beautiful. I look forward to this every year.
By Clair Coe
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Days are warm (70s) and nights are cool (30s) here in Northeast Missouri! Trees are beautiful and last minute Autumn chores taken care of. Woodpeckers are enjoying the first suet block and scolding the blue jay who wants to join them. 3 inches of rain over the weekend.
By Bucky Edgett
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I wonder about the saying "If All Saints' (November 1) brings out winter, St. Martin's brings out Indian summer." Is that a prediction...
"If All Saints' (November 1) brings out winter, then St. Martin's will bring out Indian summer."
...or a statement?
"All Saints' (November 1) might bring out winter, whereas St. Martin's might bring out Indian summer."
By Almanac Staff
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Hello, Bucky, The answer to your question is that it’s a prediction, i.e., a wintry November 1 will mean a summery November 11.
By Rachel Cargill
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Lot going on here in Somerset, CA (El Dorado County) my Ranch is approximately at 3,200 elevation that is at the high end and low end of is below 3,000 elevation and sits within a canyon, at times I get some crazy winter weather that most folks don't seam to believe. Cold nights with frosty temps, but warm afternoons. Blue sky, sunny, temps running between Hi 50-60's and low teens-30's. Still have some acorns on the ground, some leafs dangling in Oak trees and other trees continue turning beautiful colors. Some plants are putting out another wave of buds such as my climbing roses, which I'll most likely get another 'bout of colored flowers including petunias and mums. Birds are busy, but playing too including Mr. Squirrel annoying the blue birds. Fun to listen how they argue with each other. Few crows flying and making noises. Last week my friend came to visit for coffee with about 3 inches of snow on her vehicle, which she lives just over 3 miles above me. No snow here in Somerset, just cold chillie sunny weather. I was taught by several old school elders in my younger years while being raised on a small county farm just how to read and listen to the signs of the outdoors to determine upcoming weather changes, etc. Sure glad I paid attention to the elders as most of them were from Texas, Oklahoma including the Chocktaw Indian Tribe.
By tamara827
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Wow, I live, well I consider it upstate NY, but people in upstate NY would say otherwise. On the 29th Of October we had about 4-5 inches of SNOW, prior to that a pretty good frost. It had been quite cold for a few days. Now, on the 7th and 8th it was nearly 70 degrees. If this isn't Farmers Almanac's version of Indian Summer, I have no idea what would be. All I know is that I am happy that it has been warm and peacefully mild out! The fog I could live without, but it is much better than snow or ice.
By ncole1
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Good example?
Wow, what a strict definition. I think November 13, 1999 across the Corn Belt (Kansas City, MO , Des Moines, IA , Minneapolis, MN etc.) would have qualified
-moderate (not high) visiblities
-dry high pressure
-max temps in 70's and 80's and mins in the 40s
-following freezing nights a few days or a couple weeks earlier
By bobd20
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could be here in Northern California central valley.
By Norma.R
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I think I am in the majority when I say that I never really knew what an Indian Summer was until now with this descriptive article. Thank you for giving me my subject for today. I try to learn something new every day and this is it.
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By Steven Meredith
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Here, in south, central Wyoming, it's been a beautiful Indian summer. Warm days and chilly nights. Been great for getting the yard and shop ready for good old winter.
By jlanham
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Not yet, Indian Summer must occur between St. Martin's Day (November 11) and November 20. For over 200 years, The Old Farmer's Almanac has adhered to the saying, "If All Saints' (November 1) brings out winter, St. Martin's brings out Indian summer."
Same conditions here in WV (Saint Albans) But time is not right, for a few more days anyway! LOL :)
By Sandra Kindred
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Here in south central Kentucky we'd been trying to keep warm at night with a fire in the wood stove. Now suddenly my hostas, meant for next spring, have come up because it's 73 and sunny! I guess I'm not the only one who is confused........the plants are too!
By Cynthia Sparks
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I think our Indian Summer is here in West Hamlin, WV. It's in the low 30's at night and up in the low 70's, high 60's during the day. Beautiful weather for finishing outdoor chores.
By jlanham
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Not yet, Indian Summer must occur between St. Martin's Day (November 11) and November 20. For over 200 years, The Old Farmer's Almanac has adhered to the saying, "If All Saints' (November 1) brings out winter, St. Martin's brings out Indian summer."
Same conditions here in WV (Saint Albans) But time is not right, for a few more days anyway! LOL :)
By Esther Leonard
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I don't know about Indian Summer, but I had to scrape frost off my windshield this morning. The sun is now shining and it's much warmer. It was good to see two fellow West Virginians on this site.
By mamabarr
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Unusually warm here in Northwest Wisconsin.
Night time lows well above freezing in high 30's & low 40's and daytime highs in mid 60's. If you don't have your outside chores done by now, it's your own fault.
By Richard Stockstill
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Been really cold in middle Tennessee the last week. Now we are going to have middle 70's for the week, at least. Gives me a chance to do the last minute winterizing before winter sets in !!!
By nicfam5
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Unseasonably warm here in northern Il
By Ann Hicks
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In Indiana we are experiencing an unusually warm fall. I even saw some forsythia blooming yesterday! They are beautiful but I supposed that means they won't bloom very much in the spring.
By ewhughe
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It is a warm, beautiful day in North
Georgia. The fall leaves are on the way out but still beautiful.
By Georgia Trathen
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I'm in Montana & my bushes are budding out. It has been very nice here, especially compared to most years.
By James Shaw
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Here in the Hill Country of Texas the highs have mid 70s and lows, low 50s.Terrific Fall weather.
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