Manure creates nutrient-rich, moisture-retaining soil for your plants.
The most common sources of manure are cows, horses, sheep, pigs, goats, and poultry.
(Other animal waste is generally not recommended as manure or fertilizer today.)
See our chart below for the best type of manure for your garden—and the best time to apply.

| Type of Garden | Best Type of Manure | Best Time to Apply |
|---|---|---|
| Flower | cow, horse | early spring |
| Vegetable | chicken, cow, horse | fall, spring |
| Potato or root crop | chicken, cow, horse | fall, spring |
|
Acid-loving plants (blueberries, azaleas, mountain laurel, rhododendrons) |
cow, horse | early fall or not at all |



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Comments
By Lina-613 on April 22
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In the chart, I didn't see sheep manure - is this not recommended?... It is popular in stores and it is cheaper then cow manure.
By Lina-613 on April 22
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In the chart, I didn't see sheep manure - is this not recommended?... It is popular in stores and it is cheaper then cow manure.
By Mountain Gardner
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So...I screwed up. Dumped a 1cubic ft bag into my 20 cubic feet of first time planting soil. Also, 3cft of aged cow manure, about 3 cft of the decomposed granite we have in the yard here and about 4cft of regular "organic" gardening soil mix. Plan was to ph test in a couple days but after reading this I'm worried about burning roots with nitrogen. Should I test it? Should I spread the whole mix out in piled to age a bit? Thanks.
By TMW777
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I use duck and horse manure and my garden did wonders last year so I am doing it again this year! So glad it's spring time!
By melei
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What about donkey poo? we live on a old dairy farm and have great soil buy my fil dumped a bunch of donkey poo and straw in my veggie garden should i til it in or remove it.
Thank u
By Almanac Staff
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Sure, you can use donkey manure, too. But do not put any kind of raw manure right on your garden beds or you risk disease. If you use raw manure, it must be tilled in 120 days prior to harvest of a crop that comes in contact with the soil (root crops) or 90 days prior to harvest if the product does not have direct contact with the soil (aboveground leaves or fruits).
By Stacie Marshall
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I am composting my chicken manure, will it compost in bags and if so, how long does it have to be bagged before it can be used?
By Almanac Staff
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Although we have heard of putting leaves in (plastic) bags in the fall to hasten decomposition, we are not familiar with the (any material) bag idea for manure. Leaves do not contain the acidic components that are found in animal manure so it is relatively simple.
It would seem as though hot manure alone might "eat" through the bag before too very long. Manure mixed with existing compost and put into a bag might be a little "weaker"...but other conditions are not known (your weather, the moisture level, and perhaps other things). Where did you get this idea? It might be worth your while to ask the source.
A final thought would be to compost your existing chicken manure the usual way (in an outdoor pile) this season and acquire manure for this growing season elsewhere. Then next year, you will have a ready and reliable batch.
Sorry we can not be of more help with this.
By Stephanie Horn
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I am using raised beds this year- all 12 inches deep, 4 feet wide, and the length varies from 4' to 8'. I also have fresh chicken manure with some pine shavings in it. How much of the chicken manure should I put in each bed to mix with garden soil and how long does the manure need to set before I can mix it in to the beds? Thanks!
By Almanac Staff
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All fresh animal manure should be left to age, or mature, for about a year before using it. When fresh, it is often called "hot" because the various acidic ingredients in it will "burn" (kill) plants. Mixing fresh manure into a compost pile might knock one or two months off that time, but this is not an exact science; it depends on other things, such as the other ingredients in the pile, frequency of turning the pile, the pile's moisture, even weather (compost ingredients don't break down well when they are frozen).
Similarly, the matter of how much you use is less about the size of your garden bed and more about the quality of the soil. You need to check the soil's pH and, separately, the chicken manure's nitrogen. You can buy pH kits for a few dollars (max) at garden supply stores. You might want to consult the local cooperative extension about testing for nitrogen to see what other nutrients you need to balance it. Remember that different plants need different nutrients, so the fertilizer balance will depend on what you are going to grow.
That said...if you are a beginner gardener and all of this sounds complicated, you could take a chance and use good compost in your beds, sprinkle and mix in a small amount (a surface layer, worked in) of chicken manure that is at least one year old, and fertilize with a mixture that has low-to-minimum nitrogen.
Gardening is an experiment from year to year; no matter how carefully you calculate and measure, something could happen that is out of your control. (Think pests, disease, weather...) Take notes, plot your garden so that you can rotate your vegetables next year, and have fun!
By Julie Chavez
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We use lama manure on our garden. It never has burned our plants. We usually put it on in the fall and till it in, but we have done it in the spring with no burning. Great results:)
By Almanac Staff
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Assuming it is of desirable quality (possessing the proper odor, moisture content, organic and ash matter, pH, and other characteristics), 1 to 2 inches of mushroom soil tilled 4 to 6 inches into the existing soil, can supply nutrients for a year, possibly longer.
We hope this helps.
By anonymos
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How long will mushroom soil last in a vegetable garden until there is no more nutrient value? How often should it be applied?
By Ryan Monaco
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I have a fairly large chicken coop that has been inactive for a year and I am looking to sell the manure. It has been inside for over a year. Has it reached the point where it is not "hot" anymore and safe for compost? Do I need to mix it with anything? Thanks.
By capitanissa
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I was looking for indications for goat manure use, the tag sent me to this page, but nothing on goat manure is included here.
By Almanac Staff
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Goat manure can be used for a variety of vegetables and flowers. Make sure it is aged and mixed with other nutrients, such as compost.
Thank you for your interest in the Old Farmer's Almanac and our Web site.
By Ruby2Shuz
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My Zone 3/4 garden is brand new and filled with good top soil. It is 32 ft by 8 ft, how much horse manure do I need to work into the soli? I plan on planting flowers and some vegetables, like hot peppers, will the horse manure work for these plants? Thank you for any info you can give me. Also, what is the best way to incorporate the manure into the soil? Thanks!
By Almanac Staff
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There is no exact formula. You need to know what you want to grow and know what pH is required. (The pH is a measure of the acidity of the soil.) Based on that, you might add lime or ground sulfur. You might add peat moss, to help retain moisture. You might add sand (not beach), to help water soak and drain through (not stagnate in) the soil. You might add compost, to help nourish and improve the structure and condition of the soil. The horse (and any other barnyard animal) manure should be aged at least a year.
The first question is, what are you going to plant?
By BC Gardener
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All the packets say peas don't do well with too much nitrogen. What is the best % to use? The bag of sheep manure says it provides .05% nitrogen and the mushroom compost says 1.0%. I have not grown peas in this garden spot recently.
By Almanac Staff
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Peas “fix” nitrogen in the soil; they do not need it. See http://www.almanac.com/plant/peas for more about this delicious vegetable.
By desert
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The best place to find out how to spread manure is through our government! ;)
By Angie924
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How long does chicken manure need to age? I've been adding it to my compost. Will that speed the aging process so I don't have to wait six months?
By halfbreedmaggy
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chicken manure has to sit for 1 year
By Almanac Staff
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The conditions (temperature; ingredients, including “greens” and “browns”; size; moisture content; etc.) of everyone’s compost pile are even slightly different, so it is impossible to give an absolute answer to how long it takes any manure to be aged, or ready to use. Under optimal conditions, 45 to 60 days may be adequate for chicken poop, but even that is quite a spread of time in any growing season. However, it is a benchmark. You could try a portion after that period on a one plant or a small area of your garden and see how your plants react. And/or you could have two or three compost piles, with ingredients aging over different periods of time. And/or you could adjust your ingredients and observe the outcome on one or all of your piles. Perhaps the only sure thing to consider is that longer aging, in general, is better ... Good luck! Let us know how it goes.
By Tim Correll
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My neighbor pastured cows on the land next to me this last mid December to mid January. Is that aged enough to till into a new garden spot. We'll be planting next month. Also is there a good weed killer to put on the spot that we then can safely plant in a month?
By Jerry L Barnett
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I have use manure from cows,horses,sheep and also had weeds from the pasture they were pastured in know matter how old the manure was. If you can find someone that raises rabbit use that manure. Make sure to spread it on in the late fall or winter.
By Almanac Staff
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Hi, Tim, Usually animal manure should be aged for at least 6 months. Many gardeners and farmers spread fresh manure in the fall and turn it into the top 6 inches of soil a month before spring planting.
We recommend using newspaper pages as mulch to smother weeds and help keep moisture in the soil.
By Tim Correll
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Thank you for the information.
By Selkie
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I have a couple of garbage cans full of pretty fresh goat manure. I was expecting it aged, but that is not the case. Any recommendations for aging it, or can it be directly dug into my vegetable gardens. What about using on roses?
By Almanac Staff
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Goat manure ages pretty quickly if you increase the airflow. Dump it out of the garbage cans into piles. Keep in mind that the smaller the pile, the faster it will decompose. Goat manure is great for roses. Just don’t put it too close to the stem. Spread the manure so it lies about 6 inches from the base of the plant.
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