Botanical name: Canna x generalis
Plant type: Flower
USDA Hardiness Zones: 8, 9, 10, 11
Sun exposure: Full Sun
Soil type: Any, Sandy, Loamy, Clay
Flower color: Red, Pink, Orange, Yellow, White
Cannas are among the most colorful summer bulbs—as flamboyant as their tropical American ancestry—with ruffled spikes tapering to refined buds.
These perennials come in a vast variety of color and boast immense, often-veined, paddle-shaped leaves and sheathing leafstalks in shades of green or bronze.
With their great reedy canes and palmy foliage, cannas would be magnificent even if they never bloomed. However, they keep blossoming from late spring or early summer to frost.
Turn-of-the-century gardeners so loved cannas that they grew them from seed but this isn't easy; better to leave propagation to experts and buy the tubers.
Planting
- Exotic, tropical creatures, cannas need lots of sunshine and fertile, moist soil but you don't have to pamper them.
- Cannas can be started in the house in small pots if your gardening season is short.
- Where not hardy, plant outdoors in early summer—around the same time you'd put in tomato plants.
- To plant, loosen the soil to a depth of 12 to 15 inches, then mix in a 2- to 4-inch layer of compost.
- Dig a hole 2 to 3 inches deep and set the rhizome in the hole, eyes up.
- Cover with soil and tamp firmly. Water thoroughly.
- Space rhizomes 1 to 4 feet apart.
- If you grow from seed, note that the germination rate is low and the seeds need to be filed or given an acid bath to break down their hard coat.
Care
- Cannas do best with a good supply of water, so water the plants during the summer if the rainfall is less than 1 inch per week. Water freely in a dry spell.
- Keep a thin layer of mulch around cannas to help retain moisture as well.
- Stake tall varieties if needed.
- As flowers fade, deadhead to promote continued flowering.
- After autumn frost blackens the foliage, remove the stems and leaves, and lift the rhizomes for winter storage. Store in barely-moist peat or leaf mold in frost-free conditions. Space rhizomes so that they are not touching.
- In the lower South, let cannas grow without moving them, until the clumps grow very matted. Every 3 to 4 years in the winter, dig up the clumps, separate the roots, and plant them in well-enriched soil.
Pests
- Slugs, snails, spider mites, and caterpillars may be problems.
- Rust, fungal leaf spot, and bacterial blight are common.
- Bean yellow mosaic and tomato spotted wilt viruses can occur.
Harvest/Storage
- Store cannas over the winter in a dry place at 45 to 50 degrees F. Don't let them dry out; sprinkle the sand or soil around them, if necessary.
- In the spring, cut the tubers apart with a sharp knife so that each piece contains one eye on a substantial piece of rootstock.
Recommended Varieties
- Dwarf cannas stay under 3 feet tall and are easy to fit into our downsized modern gardens. The 2-1/2-foot-tall 'Picasso' is a yellow-flowered dwarf peppered with freckles.
- Standard varieties grow 4 to 6 feet tall and need a 20- to 24-inch circle for each hand-size rhizome. 'The President' is is red, 'Yellow King Humbert' spotless, 'Rosamond Cole' orange-edged gold, and 'City of Portland' salmon pink.
- Many gardeners love the spectacular, drought-tolerant varieties that reach heights of over 6 feet. One gem is the rich, deep pink 'Los Angeles', which has a large floret and opens out so that you can see the face.
- 'Bengal Tiger' is stunning even when it's not blooming with green-and-yellow-striped, maroon-edged leaves and bright-orange flowers.
Wit & Wisdom
Flowers are words which even a babe may understand.
–Arthur Cleveland Coxe, American poet (1818-96)
E-Cards
Send a free e-card of a colorful canna to friends and family. (Or, upload your own pics!)




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Comments
By Lisa Brockway on May 24
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Can cannas bulbs be planted in large pots?
By Anonymous on May 15
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Just got our first Canna plant hoping it will fair well in the Edmonton Alberta climate submitted by Ken Dorcas
By Anonymous on May 7
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So some of my cannas starting to grow and some are not I have them spread all around my home, front yard back and sides, I did not dig them out last winter because I read in my zone if I layer well with mulch and cut the tubes they should be fine, not sure why they are not starting to grow at same time or even if they will even all come back?
By Almanac Staff on May 20
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Some of your cannas may be getting more sun than others. Give them a little time and they should all come back.
By Anonymous on May 5
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I live in Central Indiana (zone 5), I did not bring in my tropicanna blacks last year before winter. Will they come back?
By Almanac Staff on May 20
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If you didn't mulch them well they may not come back. They are cold hardy in Zones 7-11.
By Anonymous on April 29
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I have at least 15 bulbs that I have stored in brown paper bag. These were given to me. They came from very hard clay soil in southern Indiana. I live close to Wisconsin Dells area or an hour north of Madison. My soil is sandy. They will be planted on south side of my home. The Canna's would receive 8-10 hours of sunlight per day.I'm planting them to act as a privacy fence for our pool.
My 10 day forecast ranges from 36-70 for highs and lows from 39-57. That is for first 8 days in May. Can I plant them out side would it be safe? They will have Caster Bean plants between them.
Could I stake a clear bag for added protection and warmth. I could also, cover with straw/hay/leaves if needed. I'm worried if not planted soon we will not see them grow to full potential. I have a mix from red to variegated variety. Any suggestions and tips are greatly welcomed. Thank you for anyone who replies to my questions. :)
By Anonymous on May 16
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I am planting my cannas this coming week in Northeastern Wisconsin. Mine have done very well for the last two years that I had them. Hummingbirds and bees like them
By Anonymous on April 29
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Do deer like them ?
By Anonymous on April 26
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I was told to plant cannas & flowering plants at night. Is there any benefit to this idea that you know of?
By Anonymous on April 30
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You can wear ugly clothes and not get made fun of.
By Anonymous
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I pulled my cannas out to plant them ( healthy green leaves)poking through bag. Inside most of the canna leaves were light green and wilty. Will they come back? I may have left too much soil on bulbs and there was too much moisture inside bag......?
By Anonymous
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My cannas were already up pretty good. Last night, they got a heavy frost and are all brown. Should I mow them down for a fresh start, or leave them be? It is springtime in Texas.
By Almanac Staff
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Cannas are hearty, but a frost will kill the stalks. Remove the dead stalks to the compost pile, but you can leave the rhizomes in the ground and they will shoot up again in the spring. Add a good layer of mulch to keep the roots from freezing.
By Anonymous
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Over winter cannas in an old black compost bag in garage no heat frost free cut tops off remove soil, I did this and works wonderfully well my orange leaved cannas are in exellent cond always lost them befor . CHERRYHINTON CAMBRIDGE UK MIKY FLUDE,
By Anonymous
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I live in northern Alabama(zone 7 I think), and received many cannas after my Gramndmothers passing. I was under the impression that you couldn't really kill a canna, so I dug them up from her yard, bulbs and all, and replanted them in my yard. No problem. This was two summers ago. When fall came around I cut them off at the ground, removed many bulbs from the soil, planted Pansy's, and put down a layer of mulch. This past summer they didn't grow very tall or bloom til late in the summer. I haven't cut them off this year, only put down several inches of leaf mulch around the stalks. This is the red flower/green leaf variety and now I am afraid they won't make it thru the winter. I will be very upset if I lose them and don't know what my next move should be.
By Anonymous
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Hi, I live in Coastal SC, zones 8 & 9(I'm right on the border :) I would think your cannas are hardy there where you live, but I'm wondering if they are getting plenty of sun and water. I have planted cannas in many different places in my yard and also where I used to live, and most of them thrive the best if they are in a sunny location. This year I had one placed where it got sun from dawn till dusk and it bloomed on December 15 even! :) Also maybe consider a little fertilizer, the liquid type. Maybe also have your soil tested. I don't know how old this post is, but just offering some ideas :)
By Almanac Staff
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Cannas may be stunted or bloom poorly if they receive less than 6 hours of sunlight per day. Make sure that the soil is fertile and consistently moist. Remove spent flowers to encourage more blooms. High temperatures can also stress to the plant, often resulting in shorter growth that year; be sure to keep up with the watering at these times.
Check for signs of pests/diseases, which can affect growth and flowering. For example, canna mosaic virus (also called bean yellow mosaic virus) can cause stunted growth, late flowering, and yellow streaks on leaves.
Your county's cooperative extension can give you guidelines as to proper canna care for your area, and may be able to test for viruses (for a fee) or refer you to a lab that can. For contact information, see: http://www.almanac.com/content/cooperative-extension-services and select your state.
Hope this helps!
By Anonymous
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I have many, many what it appears to be bulbs, growing from my canna stalks and rhizomes since I have pruned the cannas for winter.They have probably been there for some time, but I did not notice until I cut the canna stalks. What are the bulbs and what do I need to do with them as they are exposed to the elements?
By Almanac Staff
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Those are canna seeds. They have a very hard coat and need to be soaked and nicked before sowing. You can plant the seeds in small pots indoors and then transplant outdoors when the weather warms up.
By Anonymous
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Do I need to remove my cannas after frost if I live in Northwest Arkanasas
By Almanac Staff
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The USDA Hardiness Zones for northwest Arkansas are 6 and 7. Most cannas are hardy to Zone 8, although a few can survive in Zone 7. It would probably be best to dig up your cannas in fall and store them over winter, especially if you are in Zone 6. (A local nursery might know what Zone you are in.) See above for more details about how to overwinter cannas.
By Anonymous
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Hi - I planted 8 cannas over the summer because the tag said they were perennials. I am not sure how to get them ready for the winter, and I was hoping to keep them in the ground. How many inches should I leave on the plant for the winter, or do I absolutely have to dig them all up and store them? Thank you!!
By Anonymous
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Living outside of KC, zone 5b, where the woman across the street planted maybe a dozen bulbs in the spring and then dug them up each fall. She moved 5 years ago, leaving the bulbs behind and in the ground.
They were not removed from the ground for 5 winters now and they have multiplied and continued to spread out across the south facing brick wall against which they were originally planted.
The new tenant did not want them and offered the bulbs to me. I now have 3 grocery sacks of bulbs to store this winter.
But, given what I observed, I plan to treat them as a perennial and leave them in the ground. Perhaps thinning them periodically in the fall.
By Almanac Staff
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After the first frosts which kill the foliage, carefully cut off the tops and dig up the roots with a spade or fork. Brush off the soil. Let them dry in a warm place for 7 to 14 days--about 45 to 50 degrees F. Make sure it's not too cold! The corner of a basement is often good. Then, store in an open container or cardboard box amidst shredded newspaper. Or, hang in a mesh bag. The key is to allow circulating air; do not put in a closed container. You can replant each clump in the spring.
By Anonymous
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How far down do I trim my cannas ( or do I ?) in the fall?
He are in a hot part of SOuthern California
By Almanac Staff
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Lucky you in a frost-free zone! You can prune the old or spent foliage from your cannas any time. That allows new growth to come in. Some advise cutting the old growth (flowering stalks) when the new ones come in. While you do not have to "lift" and overwinter your bulbs, you should be prepared to lift and then them once a year or every two to three years; it depends on their vigor and the degree to which they are crowded. (You would thin them to eliminate the crowding.) Even if you thin them occasionally, you cannot hurt them. We hope this helps!
By Anonymous
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The seeds that come on these plants can u plant them and start new plants since there origanlly started from a bulb?
By Almanac Staff
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You can plant the seeds. Save the seeds and plant them indoors 10-12 weeks before your last frost in the spring. The seeds have a hard covering that you need break before planting. Use sandpaper to sand one end of the seed until you see the white inside. Soak the seeds overnight and plant in flats or small pots. Keep in a warm spot. Transplant the seedlings to bigger pots before planting them outside when the weather has warmed up. Cannas do not come true from seed. You will have flowers but they will not look like the ones on the parent plant.
By Anonymous
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I have a lot of tall, thriving cannas that I dug up and wintered last year and am about to do so for this winter as well. However, next fall, I won't be home for the entire season. Will the cannas last without being planted for two summer seasons? Would it be better to plant them and then not dig them up in the fall and have them take their chances in the hard ground for most of the winter while I'm gone? I live in the Czech Republic, so cold winters.
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