Marigolds

Close-up of an orange marigold.

Credit: Angela Altomare
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Botanical name: Tagetes

Plant type: Flower

Sun exposure: Full Sun

Soil type: Sandy, Loamy, Clay

Flower color: Orange, Yellow

Bloom time: Spring, Summer, Fall

No annual is more cheerful or easier to grow than marigolds. These flowers are the spendthrifts among annuals, showing a wealth of gold, copper, and brass into our summer and autumn gardens. The flower’s popularity probably derives in part from its ability to bloom brightly all summer long.

Marigolds have daisy-like or double, carnation-like flowerheads and are produced singly or in clusters.  Although there are some 50 species, some marigolds we know come from just three:

  • Tagetes erecta are the tallest, at three to five feet. They are sometimes known as African, or American, marigolds.
  • Bushy T. patula, or French marigolds, are somewhat smaller and more compact. Elegant and eye-catching, they have relatively demure flowers and usually grow from 6 inches to 2 feet tall.
  • The dainty T. tenuifolia are the signet, or rock-garden, marigolds that like hot, dry sites and make a wonderful edging. Their flowers are edible.

Marigolds have been sterotyped but they offer tremendous variety; some have fantastic aroma; all marigolds are good in containers and provide long-lasting cut flowers.

Marigold Pictures

Click the slideshow below to enjoy 7 lovely pictures sent in by our Almanac readers!

Planting

  • Marigolds need lots of sunshine.
  • Though they grow in almost any soil, marigolds thrive in moderately fertile, well-drained soil.
  • Sow them directly into the garden once the soil is warm, or start seeds indoors about a month to 6 weeks before the last spring-frost date.
  • The seeds germinate easily, but watch out for damping off if you start them inside.
  • Separate seedlings when they are about 2 inches tall. Plant them in flats of loose soil, or transplant them into the garden.
  • Space tall marigolds 2 to 3 feet apart; lower-growing ones about a foot apart.
  • If planting in containers, use a soil-based potting mix; during growing season, water freely and apply a balanced liquid fertilizer weekly.

Care

  • Germination from large, easily handled seeds is rapid, and blooms should appear within a few weeks of sowing.
  • If the spent blossoms are deadheaded, the plants will continue to bloom profusely.
  • Do not fertilize marigolds. Too rich a diet stimulates lush foliage at the expense of flowers. Marigolds bloom better and more profusely in poor soil.
  • The densely double flowerheads of the African marigolds tend to rot in wet weather.

Pests

Farmers and gardeners have long known that marigolds make important companion plants all over the garden. Not only does the scent of the marigold (Tagetes spp.) repel animals and insects, but the underground workings of the marigold will repel nematodes (microscopic worms) and other pests for up to 3 years.

Marigolds themselves are hearty but may be prone to gray mold, bacterial leaf spot, powdery mildew, Alternaria leaf spot, damping off, and root rot.

Harvest/Storage

  • In flower arrangements, strip off any leaves that might be under water in the vase; this will discourage the overly pungent odor.
  • Marigolds can be dried for long-lasting floral arrangements. Strip foliage from perfect blossoms and hang them upside down.

Cooking Notes

  • The bright petals of signet marigolds add color and a spicy tang to salads and other summer dishes.
  • The flower petals are sometimes cooked with rice to impart the color (but unfortunately not the flavor) of saffron.
  • 'Mexican Mint' (sometimes called Texas tarragon) is a study little herb that can be substituted for French tarragon in cooking. This species has been long used in Latin America for tea as well as seasoning.

Wit & Wisdom

  • In the late 1960s, Burpee president David Burpee launched an energetic campaign to have marigolds named the national flower, but in the end, roses won out.
  • For years, farmers have included the open-pollinated African marigold 'Crackerjack' in chicken feed to make egg yolks a darker yellow

Comments

Surprise May Frost

The nursery I buy my pre-bloomed flowers at doesn't sell flowers until they are safe to plant here in northern NJ. But the weather is getting unpredictable. I know in the Fall they won't die with just one night of frost but it's Spring and we haven't been in the 30s in over a week. I have Antigua Marigolds, Valentine Lace Begonias, Snowland Daisies, Verbatems and Agratums in pots in my garden. I left the Pansies outside but the low is for 38 and AOL weather is warning of a POSSIBLE frost. My nursery said they should still be fin but I brought them inside. The heat is on but they stabilize it around 65 at my condo. Did I do the right thing to bring them in?

first time planting mariglods

This year will be my first time planting maraigolds and other flowers in a garden. I have tried many times planting inside but have always killed them. I have read the other post and understand some of what's being said. I'm just unsure of when to transplant to outside I'm in Wyoming. I'm also unsure if the deadheading when would I do that?

Transplant when there is no

Transplant when there is no more risk of frost and the soil has warmed up a bit.

Deadhead the flowers after they have blossomed and starting to fade. You can wait a little longer and let the flower go to seed. Then pinch of the seed head and save the seeds for next season.

Seedlings

My seedlings are coming up nicely in planters.How long before I see flowers?

Marigolds take about 45 to 50

Marigolds take about 45 to 50 days to flower after you plant seeds.

Fetilize or not

Under your planting tips section, you say to fertilize weekly, but under the care section you say don't fertilize. Thoroughly confused here! So if you don't mind, which is correct.

Marigolds do not need a lot

Marigolds do not need a lot of fertilizer if they are growing in good soil. Fertilize only in the spring when you transplant the seedlings. Too much fertilizer will produce lots of foliage and just a few blossoms.

marigold pests

What could be eating my marigolds? A few plants have no leaves left!

You probably have slugs or

You probably have slugs or snails in your garden that eat the marigolds. Put some crushed egg shells or sand around the plants to discourage them.

Self-Seeding Marigold Bed?

We moved into a rental last summer, and it has a long raised marigold bed. Our landlords said they just let the marigolds die and re-seed on their own each year, and that they perform no maintenance. However, since marigolds are annuals, I should be able to pull all the old dead foliage from last year without compromising the seeds, right? The dead stuff looks ugly hanging out in the flower bed, but I don't want to screw up their marigolds!

Marigolds are annuals but can

Marigolds are annuals but can also reseed in warmer climates. However, you can still pull the dead plants. If they reseeded, their seeds already fell. Or, you can look at the marigold seed heads and see if you can save them and direct seed.
Note: sometimes birds eat the seeds or they blow away or conditions aren't right for reseeding.
Normally, if you don't want to leave it to chance, you would gather the seeds once the pods have dried and save them; they easily grow by direct sowing next year.
At this point, we'd pull the plants and then plant new seeds. Frankly, marigolds are one of the easiest and cheapest seeds to grow. That's why they are a common flower for children to grow. Follow our planting information on this page.

Marigolds

Planted 10 marigolds on my garden, they receive full sun, but the temperature at night is 50s. Tampa fl. should I have waited?

In central Florida, marigolds

In central Florida, marigolds are best planted March through August. The night time temperature shouldn't go below 60 degrees. See how it goes! Their growth may just be a bit slowed.

marigolds

Hi I had Marigolds in a part of my garden last year and they seemed fine grew to about a 1/2m but did not flower as I expected!!but this season most of of my Marigolds have grown to over 2m tall and have not flowered..when they were about a meter tall I cut the tops off hoping they would spread and flower..but the just grew taller,we water in the afternoon and first thing in the morning before sunup.The soil is slightly clay and they get the sun most of the day!!!This years plants are from last years seeds!!! I am totaly confused!!!!

marigolds

Maybe you are putting too much work into them? I choose them because they are so easy. Is your soil over fertilized? Is there good drainage? I'm in upstate ny. Mine did not bloom last year until july-ish.

marigold bloom

Depending on the timing of when you cut the tops off, you may have pruned off any flower buds that were developing. Flowers develop usually as the plant is close to mature height. Shearing 1/3 of the taller marigolds can be done, if needed, usually in midsummer after bloom has diminished somewhat and the plants are looking a bit scraggly. Dwarf marigolds do not need to be sheared--just deadheaded. If you are not getting any blooms, it may be possible that they are receiving too much nitrogen, which encourages leaves and stems rather than flowers. The soil should be well-drained, but marigolds like soil of average to poor quality as to fertility. Also, planting them out too early may slow flowering if the weather is cool. They like warmth--but very hot summers can also affect blooming.

Marigolds

I have a question i just bought some marigolds at home depot about 12 or so and i was wondering when is the time to plant them as i live in Pflugerville tx just north of austin tx and if i do plant them now can they with stand temps in the mid 30's thanks ryan

Wait a couple of weeks to

Wait a couple of weeks to plant outdoors. The soil needs to warm up a bit and you don't want to risk frost damage.

Marigold - Dried leaves at base

I have planted 4 African marigold plants with orange blooms in a row in a planter box after buying the plants from a nursery. The plants thrived very well for slightly more than a week. The plants are receiving lots of sun and are shielded largely from the rain but I have been watering them once a day. Temperatures can go up to 32 celcius (as I live in a tropical country). Over the last 2 days, 2 of the plants' leaves are drying up from the bottom part of the plant. Are the plants burnt by the sun and should I water more? Strangely, another planter box of yellow marigolds which are placed in the same area of my garden under the same conditions are thriving well and show no similar signs. Please help - need advice to save my orange marigolds. Many thanks.

Saving African Marigolds

Our sources indicate that that this plant thrives under hot, dry conditions...so it could be that by watering once per day, you're drowning them. (Few plants require water everyday.) If the soil is saturated now, you might be able to save them if you remove them and replant them in dry soil. Presumably the plants will be loaded with moisture, so you wouldn't need to water again for a couple or a few days. Make sure that the new (or old) soil is well-draining; one way of doing that is to include some sand or other material that does not absorb water (not peat, for example). These plants thrive in drought areas and xeriscape gardens; that means that they require very little water. Think drops . . . like a rare rain shower.
If it's too late to save these, you could think about replacing them with new plants. It's an additional expense, but with their fragrance and attraction to butterflies, they are a wonderful plant. Good luck!

Marigolds and nothing is happening

planted a few punnets of marigold in a sunny position and after 3 weeks no growth is to be seen, location is Melbourne (Aust) a temperate climate its springtime here and everything else is going hell for leather

Withering Yellow Marigold Flowers

I bought some merigold plants from local nurseries last week which I immediately transplanted them into my larger pot.

A week later, the golden flower of my merigold started to show sign of withering away. The flowers got some dark spots and loses strength, turned floppy and drooping down.

What went wrong?

Marigolds are hearty plants.

Marigolds are hearty plants. The dark spots and wilting suggest, however, that they may have a bacterial disease. If so, infected plants need to be removed. To get a diagnosis, we suggest that you bring a sample back to the local nurseries. To avoid bacterial disease, soil must be sterile and disease-free; overhead watering should be avoided.

Disease

To avoid diseases, water the Marigolds in the morning.

Mexican marigolds (Mexican "tarragon")

This summer, I discovered this robust substitute for French tarragon! I bought a large pot of it, and planted it in the garden. I love it, and have dried a lot of it.

With winter approaching, I hate to say goodbye to this beautiful plant. I've considered potting it up and bringing it indoors to over-winter under fluorescent lights. I've read that Mexican marigold will die back during cold outdoor weather, then send up new growth in the spring. If I bring it indoors, will it continue to thrive, or will this just kill it?

Beth, in Atlanta

In southern regions the

In southern regions the marigold plant is perennial and grows year round. If you bring the plant indoors and give it plenty of light it should do well. If you leave it outdoors it will die back and sprout again in the spring.

Large Potted Marigold

I just purchased a beautiful large rust colored marigold potted plant. It is so thick I can't tell if it's getting enough water. The blooms were gorgeous when I got it. Now they seem to be fading and somewhat dry. I need a happy medium schedule for watering. I was afraid I was over-watering, now I'm afraid I have under-watered. How often should I water, and should I soak it and then let it dry out completely? I live in Phoenix, AZ and it is still quite hot here.

Deadheading is a must with

Deadheading is a must with marigolds. When the blooms start to wither, turn brown and become spent, immediatly pluck that bloom off. it will encourage new growth.

Dryness

Try completely saturating the root-ball every day if there isn’t rain.

Water thoroughly once a week

Water thoroughly once a week if it has not rained at least an inch that week. Water deeply when dry (vs. shallow and often).

Over Watered??

I have 3 marigold pots on back patio. Live in KS - been over 105 temps July, June & now into Aug. Been watering a lot EVERY day... the marigolds are starting to really brown, die... am I overwatering?

Possibly overwatering. Water

Possibly overwatering. Water thoroughly once a week if it has not rained at least an inch that week. Water deeply when dry (vs. shallow and often). Those temps can be hot for containers. If you can, put the marigold pot into another planter to provide some insulation for the root system. Also, check for spider mites who like hot, dry weather.

Transplanting and reblooming?

I am growing Marigolds for my wedding. Initially, we planted them in pots, but they are getting root bound. Tomorrow, we are going to transplant them into our garden bed which is full sun. The plants are in full bloom. I plan to deadhead before we plant. Any idea how long it will take to start seeing new blooms? Our wedding is 6 weeks away, in late September.

When you deadhead marigolds,

When you deadhead marigolds, remove each fading flower and its individual stem. Do this after you transplant. As long as the flower is pinched as it passes its peak, the flower will keep blooming through the season. You need to deadhead when it's their time, not your time, but if you deadhead at different times, you should see continue blooms at different times, too.

Divide Marigolds?

My marigolds have gone wild and are wide and beautiful, but the plants are choking out everything else. Can they be divided without killing them? If so, how??

Marigolds are annuals. You

Marigolds are annuals. You can try to divide them but your success in transplanting them is only going to get you so far. Remember: If you uproot them, they will have to settle into a new spot and that takes time. There may not be enough time in the season.
The same goes for moving them indoors. You may have some luck in bringing your marigolds indoor, but in general, annuals grow and thrive for one year.
What you might try is clipping the flowers and drying the seeds and saving them for next year. THAT could have promise for next year—and you are, in effect, transplanting.
We hope this helps.

end of season marigolds

I planted marigolds for the first time this year.
do I have to up root them now when they dry and replant next year?

end-of-season marigolds

It depends on where you are. In southern regions the marigold plant is perennial and grows year round. (It's a native of Mexico.) If you bring the plant indoors and give it plenty of light it should do well. If you leave it outdoors it will die back and sprout again in the spring.
In northern regions, it is treated as an annual, meaning you would reseed it every year. Try saving this year's plant seeds and using those!

Marigolds gone wild

Yes it did help. I might as well try since I have to do something since they are choking my perrenials. Never thought they would spread so much. Thank you.

Brown spots on leave inhibiting growth.

Our yellow marigold plants have done very well since we planted them 5-6-weeks ago, but now are showing signs of mold/fungus(?) that is spreading from one plant to the other. Is there something we can do to stop this?

Marigold -controlling fungal molds

Yes. Spray fungicide, Dithane M45 (one gram dissolved in one liter of water) thrice at an interval of 10 to 15 days.

If your marigolds have white

If your marigolds have white mold, that is a fungal disease that can occur late in the season due to overhead watering or heavy rain. Bring a sample to your cooperative extension or local garden center, however, to get a diagnosis. To control the spread, you could try using protective spraying with Fore, Zineb, or Captan. But you may need to pull them out and dispose of them. In the future, be sure to water the soil not the plant or use drip irrigation. Also, if it's mold, be sure to clean up everything--even a faded bloom--at the end of the season. It's also a good idea to change the location of the marigold.

Marigold conservation

Is there any way to keep our marigold plant alive? Suppose I keep the potted plant indoors and fertilize and water/keep heat lamp, will it stay alive or is it doomed? (my daughter gave it to me for mothers day, a squirrel broke it in half so I helped it grow roots and made 2 plants, but I really want to keep it!! Ideas?

Marigold conservation

When you move the marigold indoors place it in a sunny south-facing window or under a grow light. Marigolds don't need much fertilizer. Save some of the marigold seeds to start next spring for more plants.

cutting heads off marigolds

this is the first year i have planted marigolds and had them stay alive. i was told to cut the heads off the marigolds when they start to wilt. i was wondering how far down the stem i am supposed to cut them.

Yes, you should deadhead

Yes, you should deadhead marigolds to keep them blooming. It's fairly easy. Just pinch off the fading blooms with your fingers, removing the seedpods that may have formed behind the bloom (not just the petals). For marigolds, we like to remove both the flower and its individual stem. It's a chore to deadhead, but worth the results.

Inexperienced gardener

Hello, All! I am very new to gardening and trying to learn as much as I can in a short amount of time. I am planning to plant some hosta along a walkway and was wondering if marigolds would make a good companion plant. The area in which I'm planting gets about half sun, half shade, which I think is great for the hosta, but I'm not sure how well the marigolds will do because I see they require full sun. My objective with the marigolds is for color and to keep the worms from eating holes in the hosta. I am in NC, and it is pretty hot. Can I plant in July or wait until the fall? Lots of questions, but any advice would be greatly appreciated! Thanks in advance.

For hostas, consider

For hostas, consider companion plants that also enjoy part-shade. For spring, consider planting early blooming bulbs to join your emerging hosta leaves, such as tulips, daffodils, and forget-me-nots. For summer months, consider bright annuals such as impatiens, begonia, and coleus. We love bright red impatiens peeking through the green hosta leaves!

I planted Marigolds mid-June

I planted Marigolds mid-June in clay-like soil. I keep it moist. They are not getting any taller, but they have plenty of buds. However, the bud gets a small flower which immediately gets hard and I take it off.

Marigolds are a good choice

Marigolds are a good choice for clay soils. If the leaves and plant look fairly normal (not dried out or filled with holes, etc), there are a few reasons why your marigold lacks good blooms: High summer heat, too much fertilizer, or a plant bug. For heat, you can mulch and wait for temps to moderate. Stop fertilizing. And look for green/brown insects; if you find them, you'll need to start a spraying program.

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