Sunflowers

This grew from a seed a squirrel buried for later.

Credit: Jeff Childrey
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Botanical name: Helianthus

Plant type: Flower

Sun exposure: Full Sun

Soil type: Sandy, Loamy

Soil pH: Neutral
, Alkaline/Basic


Flower color: Yellow

Bloom time: Summer

Sunflowers say "summer" like no other plant.

Sunflowers are annuals with showy, daisylike flowerheads that are usually 2-4 inches across and bright yellow (though occasionally red). Tall and course, the plants have creeping or tuberous roots and large, bristly leaves. Today, varieties have even been developed for small spaces and containers.

Most sunflowers are remarkably tough and easy to grow as long as the soil is not waterlogged. Most are heat- and drought-tolerant. They make excellent cut flowers and many are attractive to bees and birds.

Planting

  • Sunflowers grow best in locations with full sun; they prefer long, hot summers to flower well.
  • Though they're not too fussy, sunflowers thrive in slightly acidic to somewhat alkaline (pH 6.0 to 7.5).
  • If possible, put seeds in a spot that is sheltered from strong winds, perhaps along a fence or near a building.

Planting Sunflower Seeds

  • It's easiest to sow seeds directly into the soil after the danger of spring frost is past. Ideally, the soil temperature has reached 55 to 60 degrees F.
  • Plant the large seeds no more than 1 inch deep and 4 to 6 inches apart in well-dug, loose soil after it has thoroughly warmed, from mid-April to late May.
  • A light application of fertilizer mixed in at planting time will encourage strong root growth to protect them from blowing over in the wind.
  • Experiment with plantings staggered over 5 to 6 weeks to keep enjoying continuous blooms.
  • Give plants plenty of room, especially for low-growing varieties that will branch out. Make rows about 30 inches apart. (For very small varieties, plant closer together.)
  • When the plants are six inches high, thin them to two feet.
  • If you see birds scratching around for the seeds, spread netting over the planted area until seeds germinate.

Care

  • Water plants deeply but infrequently to encourage deep rooting.
  • Feed plants only sparingly; overfertilization can cause stems to break in the fall.
  • Tall species and cultivars require support. Bamboo stakes are a good choice for any plant that has a strong, single stem and needs support for a short period of time.

Pests

  • Birds and squirrels will show interest in the seeds. if you plan to use the seeds, deter critters with barrier devices. As seed heads mature and flowers droop, you can cover each one with white polyspun garden fleece.
  • If you have deer, keep them at bay with a tall wire barrier.
  • Sunflowers are relatively insect-free. A small gray moth sometimes lays its eggs in the blossoms. Pick the worms from the plants; if you have an infestation, spray with Bt.
  • Downy mildew, rust, and powdery mildew can also affect the plants. If fungal diseases are spotted early, spray with a general garden fungicide. 

Harvest/Storage

  • To harvest seeds, keep an eye out for ripeness. They're ready when the bracts begin to dry. Hang the heads upside down until they're thoroughly dry in a place that's safe from birds and mice.
  • For indoor bouquets, cut the main stem before its flower bud has a chance to open to encourage side blooms. Cut stems early in the morning, when the buds first start showing color and are just beginning to open.
  • Arrange sunflowers in tall containers that provide good support for their heavy heads, and change the water every day to keep them fresh.

Recommended Varieties

Everyone is familiar with the huge sunflowers that grow on towering eight-foot-tall stalks. But, did you know that some varieties top off at a modest 15 inches?

  • The towering 'Mammoth' variety is the traditional giant sunflower. It is excellent for snacks and bird feeds, too.
  • 'Autumn Beauty': One of the most spectacular cultivars, has many 6-inch flowers in shades of yellow, bronze, and mahogany on branching stems up to 7 feet tall.
  • 'Sunbeam': A standout bouquet flower, the van Gogh sunflower grows on a 5-foot plant with 5-inch flowers. The big, no-mess, pollenless flowers have rich, golden-yellow rays.
  • 'Teddy Bear': Just 2 to 3 feet tall, this small flower is perfect for small gardens and containers. The fluffy, deep-gold, 5-inch blossoms last for days in a vase.

Special Features

  • Attracts Butterflies
  • Attracts Birds

Cooking Notes

  • Some varieties provide small black seeds that are used in cooking oil, margarine, cosmetics, and animal feed; they are the best sunflower seeds for attracting the greatest variety of songbirds.
  • The bigger, striped seeds are grown for snacking and as an ingredient in bread and health foods. They, too, are used for feeding birds, especially larger species such as jays and mourning doves.
  • For eating, the seeds must be dried on the plants. Rub the seeds off and soak them overnight in a gallon of water to which a cup of salt has been added, then dry them again in an oven at 250 degrees F for 4 to 5 hours. Store them in an airtight container.
  • One way to remove them is to rub the head of the sunflower across an old washboard or something similar. Just grip the head and rub it across the board as if you were washing clothes.

Wit & Wisdom

  • Need a bird seeder? Save dry heads and set them out in winter.
  • Save thick sunflower stems and dry them for winter kindling.
  • Interesting Fact: An anonymous buyer paid over $39 million in 1987 for Vincent van Gogh's Sunflowers.
  • Kansas is "The Sunflower State."

Here and yonder, high and low,
Goldenrod and sunflowers glow.

–Robert Kelley Weeks (1840–76)

E-Cards

Send a free e-card of a golden sunflower. Click here to find more sunflower images in our e-card gallery.

Comments

Container has no holes in bottom

I bought a little kit for growing sunflowers to plant with my son. It included the seeds, dirt, and a small container (12" x 6"). We planted, and like an idiot I didn't even think to look for drainage holes. They are now planted and the seedlings are about an inch tall and look great, but they are constantly wet because the container has no drainage holes. I've left them out in full sunlight, hoping to dry the soil, but its not working. I'm afraid to transfer them yet because I would think its too early and that I would damage the roots. I know nothing about gardening, and can't seem to keep anything alive, despite a deep desire to be an avid Gardner. I was hoping this year would be different. Please help! Thanks!

Cost

it needs to tell the cost and also where it can be found like the zones and things like that. It also needs to tell the Pros (the good things about it. and the Cons (the bad things about it)

Sunflowers

Sunflower seeds can be bought at almost any store in the garden section. They cost any where from 1 to 5 dollars and the only cons I could foresee would be if you don't like birds and wildlife, because these flowers will attract them . Happy planning!:-)

new plant

My son has plantd a sunflower seed at nursery and at the moment its a long green stem with 2 leaves at the top. It sometimes leans to one side, what should i do?

help

you could put a stick in the ground to hold it up, and secure it with some twine or string

Supporting the stem

I would use a dowel rod to support the stem with yarn or some soft string.

it just needs some support

Put a bamboo stick next to it or a steak it can lean on it or you can tie is with pantie hose loosly

stink bugs

I grew beautiful sunflowers last spring her in Florida, they were 12 feet tall. One of the issues I had were stink bugs burrowed into the heads of the flowers. What can I use to treat them this year to prevent them from coming back?

Stink bugs!

They are probably eating insect eggs.
I just learned this year that they are predatory insects.

It's great that you are being

It's great that you are being proactive. You have to deter stink bugs before the population grows or there is not a lot that you can do. In early spring, you could set out traps in trees and bushes where emerging bugs will head to mate. (Google search for "rescue stink bug traps.) You can swipe all the egg masses from under the leaves into soapy water (wear gloves). You can spray insecticidal soup directly on any bugs you find. All the best!

wedding on September 7th

I'm having a wedding in ohio sept 7th when would I want to plant sunflowers to have blooms on my wedding date?

Look at the dates to maturity

Look at the dates to maturity on the back of the sunflowers seed packet and back up from there. But note that seeds can not be planted any earlier than the time when your soil temperature has reached 55 to 60 degrees F.

Pet Problems

My cat has been eating all my sunflowers and I tried everything. What should I do?

add black pepper powder to

add black pepper powder to your sunflowers and to the the soil, no more cats!

cats and sunflowers

Cats seem to be attracted to sunflower pollen about as much as they are to cat nip. I also grow raspberries and roses. When I prune the rose and raspberries I save the branches to use as a barrier for animals I want to stay away from my plants. That also works on rabbits and cats that want to eat or dig kitty litter boxes in your flower beds or garden beds. Also a slight sprinkling of red pepper or a spray made from habenero/garlic works for most animals even cats.

Sunflowers are not toxic to

Sunflowers are not toxic to cats according to the ASPCA. However, to discourage cats from eating your plants, you might try putting a lemon gel air freshener in the pot or just beside it. Cats don't like the smell of citrus.
Also, you might try training techniques, such as squirting the cat with a spray of water from a spray bottle if it's caught digging. (Be patient--behavior training takes time. Some cats will just become more frisky with this method, thinking it a game!)
Provide your kitty with its own cat grass or catnip plants to discourage interest in the houseplants. Seed kits for these plants can be found at pet stores or some grocery stores.
Set houseplants in areas that are not easily accessible to your cat--hang them up or set them on higher shelves.
Cover the soil of larger plants with decorative rocks.
Good luck!

cats having their way with flower pots

I tried something different that worked for my cat. I placed mouse traps in my flower pots. It didn't take but just a couple snaps and no more cat in the flower pot.

mouse trap to deter cat

Ive tried this trick, put a full piece of paper over the trap, the cat will still trigger it but wont get caught

Mouse traps to deter cat

Couldn't that have harmed your cat?

seed question

Brand new gardener here! I was given sunflower seeds and I was wondering: when planting them, is it only 1 seed per hole on the ground?? Or multiple?? Thanks!!

Plant 3 seeds per hole. Then

Plant 3 seeds per hole. Then thin sunflower to one plant per hole at 4 true leaf stage.

starting sunflowers indoors

I plan on growing sunny smile sunflowers in pots for my wedding july 27th of this year. I started a test batch of 10 1/21/2013...8 germinated and have been placed into 4 inch pots. The leaves were growing nicely but have stopped recently. They are on a mat warmer with flourescent lights overhead. I moved the lights up some today as the flowers were close. Could that be why the gowth has stagnated? Nothing to reach for? Or could I be over watering?

sunflower seedlings

Keep the light about 6 or so inches above the seedlings; no more than 12 inches above. Turn the light off each night, after the seedlings have had about 12 to 14 hours of light for the day.

After the seedlings were transplanted into the 4-inch pots, there might have been a pause in upper growth while the plants focus on developing roots. Also, sunflowers do not like transplanting, so they may be recovering from their relocation to a larger pot. Sowing seeds in peat pots, newspaper pots, or other biodegradable container helps to avoid shock, as you can transplant them directly (pot and all) into the ground without disturbing the roots.

Also check that the temperature is appropriate (about 70 to 80F), and that there aren't any drafts: too cold or hot may delay growth. The seedlings need consistent water, but do not over water, as this may invite disease.

Hope this helps!

Thank you! The light was much

Thank you! The light was much closer than that. I sowed the seeds in little peat pods and put those entirely into the pot with the potting mix. I think its a temperature issue. The plants are under lights in the basement and its chilly. I will find a warmer spot!

sunflower seeds for planting

Are the sunflower seeds sold for wild bird feeders appropriate for planting also? I want to grow the plants for the birds and for fertilizer at the end of the season.

Glenys, Grandview, Texas

sunflowers and bird seed

Sunflower seeds from bird seed can be planted in the garden if they have not been hulled or otherwise treated. You need the entire seed, including the outer shell.

Planting from seed packets, on the other hand, will give you more options as to the type of sunflower--height, petal color, size of seed head, etc. (Also, the taller the variety, the more vegetation you'll likely have for fertilizer/compost.)

Growing new sunflowers

Can we harvest our sunflowers seeds and then plant again next summer? Thanks!

Yes. Remove the sunflower

Yes. Remove the sunflower seeds from the flower heads and dry them on paper towels in a warm place. Put the seeds in an airtight container in a cool, dry storage place.

rustic Sunflower wedding

You might have answered my question in a previous reply to another person. I am having a country Rustic wedding in the first week of October. when is the earliest i can plant my sunflower seeds ?

rustic Sunflower wedding con;t

I also live in north Florida if that makes a diffrence

Sunflowers are perfect for

Sunflowers are perfect for Florida. You'll plant seeds in the summer for fall bloom. You need to look at the seed packet and just back out the number of days to maturity as it depends on the cultivar (type of sunflower) that you choose. Autumn Beauty takes 95 to 100 days. Other cultivars have shorter schedules.

June Wedding

I am getting married in June (22nd) of this year and we are planning on growing our sunflowers for the wedding. When would be the best time to plant them?

Look at the dates to maturity

Look at the dates to maturity on the back of the sunflowers seed packet and back up from there. But note that seeds can not be planted any earlier than the time when your soil temperature has reached 55 to 60 degrees F.

in a cold -1 degree

how can i save my sunflower dying in a cold temperature?is there any chance if i move it indoor?

cold and sunflowers

Most common sunflowers are annuals, which only live one year. If you have one of these, it is unlikely to do well indoors if you bring it in when temperatures gets colder, since at that time the plant is likely nearing the end of its life cycle. Plus, the added stress to the plant due to the move (unless, perhaps, it is already in a container) may shorten its days even more.

Some people have had success growing sunflowers inside in winter under fluorescent lights in a warm spot. (These plants were grown as houseplants, and hadn't ever been outdoors.)

In warm climates, sunflowers sometimes can be planted outside for bloom in winter, although they may not be as vigorous as summer plants.

Perennial sunflowers will die back in winter and re-sprout in spring. Normally for these, you wouldn't have to bring it indoors when it gets cold. In fall, after the plant has died back, cover the soil with mulch to protect the roots over winter.

october wedding

I am trying to plan a wedding for middle to late October and want to plant a field of sunflowers that will be bloomed well about that time. I live in north Georgia. When would I need to plant them and is there a specific type that would do best? I preferably want the ones that have Orange in them as well.

Science Plant Girl

You should plant them in about mid-august .

Planting dates.

you must be talking about in the south, i'm in PA.

Sunflower wedding

We want to plan our wedding around the sunflower harvest. Can anyone tell me when in August is best to plan for?

Look at the dates to maturity

Look at the dates to maturity on the back of the seed packet and back up from there. But note that seeds can not be planted any earlier than the time when your soil temperature has reached 55 to 60 degrees F.

When should I plant in WA.

I want to plant a lot of Sunflowers along my fence. All sizes. When to plant in Tacoma WA.?

Plant the seeds after your

Plant the seeds after your last frost in the spring (mid to late April). You may want to plant seeds every 2 weeks to have blooms throughout the growing season. Stop planting about 75-100 days before the first winter frost is expected in your location (end of October).

My Sunflowers Petals

My sunflower (not sure about the type) grew beautifully, high and bright. The petals were all there until one morning when I noticed some of them falling off! I was afraid that it was drying out, despite my daily watering. Now, I'm wondering if I over-watered!
Will it eventually produce seeds, even though it has lost some of its petals? How should I proceed at this point? THANK YOU!!

Annual sunflowers grow for

Annual sunflowers grow for one season. When the petals fall the plants energy goes to producing seeds. Check the flower to see if seeds are forming.

hi everyone, i need help, what do i do next?

Hello, so my sun flowers bloomed beautifully and I waited till it was time to harvest the seeds. Now that I harvest the seeds, what do I do with the trunk/ stem of the sun flower? Do I rip it out of the soil and plant new seeds? Or do I leave it and a new one will eventually sprout? I have no clue what to do next.... Help! :)

Harvesting sunflowers

If you have an annual sunflower with a single flower on top, then once you harvest the seeds, it's OK to cut the stalk down to the base or remove it completely. If you have an annual sunflower with multiple flowers, you can harvest each flower as the seeds become ripe, but leave the other flowers to complete their ripening. After all flowers have been harvested, you can cut the plant down to the base or remove it completely. Annuals will only grow for one season, so you will need to plant more seeds in spring.

If you have a perennial sunflower, with multiple flowers, harvest each flower as its seeds become mature. Once all of the flowers have been harvested, wait until the foliage has died in late autumn before cutting the plant back to the ground (keep roots intact); the perennial will start new growth next spring.

seeds forming

i can see the seeds forming. do i stop watering and just let dry out until back flower turn dry looking

Sunflower care at harvest time

Keep up with the deep but infrequent watering. As the seeds mature, the plant still needs that water to carry out its daily functions, including seed formation.

Watch the back of the flower: When it turns yellow, you can harvest it (leaving about a foot of stalk with the flower) and then hang it upside down in a dry, warm, protected location.

Or, when the back is yellow you can cover the flower with a paper bag secured with string while it is still attached to the plant, to protect it from birds and other critters. Wait for the flower head to turn brown and the seeds to fully ripen. Then you can cut it off the plant and rub your hand over the seeds; they should fall out easily.

Mammoth sunflowers

I have them growing one is 4 1/2 ft tall with a bloom already open but is it normal for them to have multiple blooms..there are 4 others getting ready to open..thanks Gina

Mammoths do not normally grow

Mammoths do not normally grow multiple blooms on one stem. Wild sunflowers do have multiple blooms, so it is possible that your mammoths are being cross-pollinating with nearby wild sunflowers.

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