How to Plant, Grow, and Care for Peony Flowers
The peony is outrageously beautiful in bloom with the fattest, most scrumptious flowers and lush green foliage. Enjoy breathtaking flowers from spring to summer. See how to plant, grow, and care for peonies.
About Peonies
Peonies are perennials that come back every year to take your breath away. In fact, the plants may live longer than you doâsome have been known to thrive for at least 100 years.
When Is Peony Season? When Do Peonies Bloom?
Peonies bloom from late spring through early summer, depending on your location and the variety of peony you’re growing.
Many nurseries offer early, midseason, and late blooming varieties, making it possible for you to stretch out the peony season over many weeks and enjoy those lovely blooms for as long as possible!
Peonies are hardy to Zone 3 and grow well as far south as Zones 7 and 8. In most of the U.S., the rules for success are simple: provide full sun and well-drained soil. Peonies even relish cold winters, because they need chilling for bud formation.
Types of Peony Flowers
There are six peony flower types to choose from: anemone, single, Japanese, semi-double, double, and bomb. Fragrances vary as wellâsome plants such as âFestiva Maximaâ and âDuchesse de Nemoursâ have intoxicating rose-like scents while others are lemony or have no scent at all.
Where to Plant Peonies
Peonies make fine sentinels lining walkways or a lovely low hedge. After its stunning bloom, the peony’s bushy clump of handsome glossy green leaves lasts all summer, and then turns purplish-red or gold in the fall, as stately and dignified as any flowering shrub.
In mixed borders, peonies bloom with columbines, baptisias, and veronicas, and combine well with irises and roses. Plant white peonies with yellow irises and a froth of forget-me-nots; set off pink peonies with blue Nepeta or violets.
Peonies are not too fussy, but choose your location wisely, as they resent disturbance and do not transplant well.
Peonies like full sun, and though they can manage with half a day, they bloom best in a sunny spot that gets 6 to 8 hours of sunlight each day.
Provide shelter from strong winds, as peoniesâ large blooms can make them top heavy. (Use stakes to hold them up, if necessary.) Don’t plant too close to trees or shrubs, as peonies donât like to compete for food, light, and moisture.
Grow peonies in deep, fertile, humus-rich, moist soil that drains well. Soil pH should be neutral.
When to Plant Peonies
Peony plants require little maintenance as long as they are planted properly and establish themselves. Note, however, that they do not respond well to transplanting, so you should plan your planting site accordingly.
- Plant peonies in the fall: in late September and October in most of the U.S., and even later in the fall in Zones 7 and 8. (Find your planting zone here.)
- If you must move a mature plant, fall is the time to do itâspecifically, when the plant has gone dormant.
- Peonies should be settled into place about six weeks before the ground freezes.
- Although it’s certainly possible to plant peonies in the spring, spring-planted peonies just donât do as well. Experts agree: they generally lag about a year behind those planted in the fall.
How to Plant Peonies
- Peonies are usually sold as bare-root tubers with 3 to 5 eyes (buds), divisions of a 3- or 4-year-old plant.
- Space peonies 3 to 4 feet apart to allow for good air circulation between the plants. Stagnant, humid air can be a recipe for disease to develop.
- Dig a generous-sized hole, about 2 feet deep and 2 feet across in well-drained soil in a sunny spot. The soil will benefit from the addition of organic material in the planting hole. If the soil is heavy or very sandy, enrich it with extra compost. Incorporate about one cup of bonemeal into the soil. Learn more about soil amendments and preparing soil for planting.
- Set the root so the eyes face upward on top of a mound of soil in the hole, placing the roots just 2 inches below the soil surface. Donât plant too deep! (In southern states, choose early-blooming varieties, plant them about 1 inch deep, and provide some shade.)
- Then, backfill the hole, taking care that the soil doesnât settle and bury the root deeper than 2 inches. Tamp the soil gently.
- When planting a container-grown peony, cover it no deeper than it grew in the pot.
- Water thoroughly at the time of planting.
Keeping Peony Flowers in a Vase
Peonies make wonderful cut flowers, lasting more than a week in a vase. For best results, cut long stems in the morning when the buds are still fairly tight.
You can wrap freshly cut peony stems in damp paper towel and put them in a plastic bag in the refrigerator until youâre ready to use them. When removing the peonies from the refrigerator give the stems a fresh cut and place them in lukewarm water to wake them up.
Peonies are generally very hardy. Plus, peonies are also one of many deer-resistant plants you can grow in your garden.
However, they are susceptible to:
- Verticillium wilt
- Ringspot virus
- Tip blight
- Stem rot
- Botrytis blight
- Leaf blotch
- Japanese beetles
- Nematodes
Why Are There Ants on My Peonies?
Many gardeners wonder why so many ants crawl on the peony buds. Don’t worry! They are just eating the peony’s nectar in exchange for attacking bud-eating pests. They are attracted to the sugary droplets on the outside of flower buds or to the honeydew produced by scale insects and aphids. Never spray the ants; theyâre helping you by keeping your peonies safe!
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We have sone very beautiful peonies our granny has has them growing for as long as I can remember. She passed last November and its very important for us to keep her flowers growing and looking as beautiful as she has kept them. We forgot to cut them back last fall so i cut them down just now really. My question I guess is are they going to be okay what should I do to make sure they are okay. I didnt cut all the way down to the dirt bc i seen some green coming in not much but some so i left about 6 inches give or take sticking out what can I do to make sure they turn out the way they should?
Courtney, you can cut the foliage to the ground. Per above, it is usually done in the fall but we are still (in many parts of the country) in winter’s grip so this should not harm the peonies. New shoots would come up anyway, but cutting them makes for a cleaner transition. Enjoy the flowers!
I'm a bit confused as it says to dig a 2 ft hole but then it also says to not plant them more than 2 inches deep? I feel a bit stupid, I'm probably just not understanding...are you saying to fill the hole with compost an amendments and then plant the tuber on top of that with 2 inches of soil on top?
You are correct! We are saying to dig a deeper hole to loosen the soil and backfill with compost and other amendments, then to plant the peonies 2 inches from the surface.
I live in zone 5 and need to move my peonies that have thrived for 20 years in one location. One of the peonies has been infiltrated by a flowering weed and I would like to completely eliminate it when I transplant it. Any recommendations on how to split the plant to get rid of the weeds without killing the peony?
Hi, Renee,
This should not be complicated. When you lift the peony roots, you should be able to tell what is weed and what is peony tuber, and so pull/rip/cut the weed and its roots from the peony tubers. Your long-lived peony roots should be healthy and visible; just shake or brush off the dirt. We hope this helps!
After my peonies have bloomed and lost their leaves each location of the flowers their are three sead like pods growing, are these new seeds?,
I'm wondering the same thing about the seed-like pods. If dried and planted, would they produce new peony plants?
Peonies can be grown from seed, but it’s generally not worth the trouble. They take 5 to 6 years to mature to flowering age, so you could be waiting quite a while for any blooms.
I have a very deep red peony. The flower is gorgeous. I planted the peony about 3 or 4 years ago and it is about 2 foot tall when it blooms. I get 3 to 5 blossoms. After it blooms the leaves turn dark and dry up and die. I have had peonies for years and never had a problem. It is planted in an area by itself and gets good watering. I believe it is an Armani peony. I was wondering if I should transplant it or maybe put it in a large pot and baby it. Any tips you have would be appreciated. Sharon
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