Are Ants Good for the Garden? Benefits of These Tiny Helpers

Ants are among the most successful insects on Earth, and despite their reputation as pests, many species are actually beneficial to gardens. From aerating the soil to controlling harmful insects, ants play an important role in maintaining a healthy ecosystem.

Are ants good for the garden?

Most ants are beneficial insects. They help aerate the soil, recycle organic matter, prey on pests, disperse seeds, and contribute to a healthy garden ecosystem.

What Are Ant Colonies?

Ants live in colonies made up almost entirely of non-mating female workers whose job is to gather food, build the nest, and look after the egg-laying queen and her young. At certain times, winged males and females are produced by the queen for the purpose of mating with ants from other colonies. After mating, the male ants die, and the mated queens fly off, shed their wings, and start new colonies.

The total ant population is estimated at one quadrillion (1,000,000,000,000,000). Wow!  

Benefits of Ants in the Garden

Although some species, like the carpenter ant and the stinging fire ant, can be pests, ants are generally beneficial.

Ants Aerate the Soil

Most ants nest in the ground, digging a labyrinth of tunnels that aerate the soil and allow moisture to get to the roots of plants. They also till the soil by bringing pebbles and particles to the top.

Ants Improve Soil Fertility

The leaves and insects brought into the nest as ant food decay and fertilize the surrounding plants.

Ants Help Decompose Organic Matter

Ants act as decomposers, feeding on organic waste, insects, or other dead animals.

Even carpenter ants keep the environment clean. By making their nests in dead or diseased wood, they accelerate the decomposition process. After the ants leave, fungi and bacteria grow in the galleries and break down the lignin and cellulose on large surfaces.

Ants Control Harmful Insects

Many ants are predators and feed on insects that attack lawns and gardens, and in the process of gathering food, they often pollinate flowers and distribute seeds.

Ants Provide Food for Wildlife

Ants are also the source of food for many other insects, birds, and mammals that are so important to the ecosystem.

What Ants Indicate

A sudden convergence of ants in the garden, or a line of ants moving up and down a tree, usually indicates the presence of aphids, mealybugs, or other sap-sucking insects that attack plants. These insects produce a substance called honeydew:

• The ants stroke the insects with their antennae, causing the insects to excrete the sweet liquid.
• The ants swallow it and store it in a special holding stomach called the crop.
• The honeydew is brought back to the nest and shared with the queen and other workers.
• Some ants even keep aphids in their nest as a farmer would keep a cow, giving them food and shelter in exchange for honeydew.

So, if you have ants on your plants, be on the lookout for aphids or other sap-sucking pests!

Did you know?

In some cultures, ants are considered delicacies. The honeypot ants that live in our southwestern deserts gather large amounts of nectar and store it in the swollen bodies of specialized worker ants called repletes. Native Americans have snacked on these sweet ants for centuries, making them possibly the first ones ever brought to a picnic on purpose.

Do you have ants in your garden? Tell us all about your experience in the comments!