How to Get Rid of Pantry Moths and Worms

What Are Pantry Moths?

You’ve just encountered the Indian meal moth, perhaps the most common among the “pantry pests.” These moths can infest bags or boxes of flour, grains, dried beans, seeds, nuts, cereals, baking chocolate, cake mixes, rice, nuts, dried fruit, dog food, birdseed, teas, herbs, spices, potpourri mixtures, and even decorative wreaths that include nuts, fruits, and/or seedheads.

The University of Florida cooperative extension describes what you’ve just seen this way: “Most of the ‘damage’ to stored products occurs when the larvae spin massive amounts of silk that accumulate fecal pellets, cast skins, and egg shells in food products.”

Not a very appetizing image.

Where Do Pantry Moths Come From?

Although you may need to do some serious cupboard-cleaning, don’t lay the blame for the infestation on your poor housekeeping. Meal moths probably laid those eggs at a food-packaging facility or in the bulk bins at the natural food store.

After mating, the half-inch long gray/brown female meal moth finds a suitable environment for laying her eggs—as many as 400 at one time. When the eggs hatch, the larvae feed and grow for several weeks before spinning a cocoon (pupa), from which emerges an adult moth. Depending on temperature, food source, and other factors, the meal moth’s life cycle lasts from a month to 10 months or longer.

Are Pantry Moths Harmful?

The good news: This pest does not cause disease, even if you accidently cook and eat a few larvae (gross), and it doesn't escape your foodstuffs to eat its way through your fabrics or furniture. It likes the same foods that you and your pets like.

The bad news: Indian meal moths can be difficult to eradicate, especially if they’ve completed their life cycle and dispersed throughout your pantry.

Photos: Indian meal larva and adult moth. Credit: John Lyle, University of Florida.

How to Control Pantry Moths

• First, get the infested flour and any other infested products you might find out of your house. Don't just throw them in the trash, unless you plan on taking the trash out right away. You could also dig a hole away from the house and bury the infested product(s) in the soil.
• Don’t store that trash in the garage or basement while you wait for trash pickup or your next trip to the dump.
• Then, remove everything from your cupboards and food-storage areas, including cans and glass jars. Vacuum and scrub all surfaces. Remove and replace torn or peeling shelf liners. Using a flashlight, pay special attention to the corners and the undersides of shelves, as well as to cracks or holes in shelving.  
• Meal-moth larvae have legs, and often move quite far from their original home. You may find larvae and pupae tucked away in door hinges, backs of door knobs, and corners of wire baskets; underneath shelves, and around the edges of jar lids, cans, and non-food items also stored in your pantry or cupboard.
• The larvae can chew through paper and plastic. If (like me) you tend to keep an assortment of nuts, fruits, and grains bought from bulk storage bins and stored in plastic or paper bags, check every bag for openings that could have allowed entry of meal-moth larvae, or for holes the larvae may have chewed themselves.
• If you have concerns, place any items that seem intact with no signs of damage to the food inside, in the freezer at 0° or below for four days. That will kill any eggs that might be present.
• Now, resolve to store all pantry edibles in sealed glass or metal containers as soon as you bring the food products into your home. If a product is infested, the larvae won’t be able to escape the container to contaminate other products.
• Keep small bags of spices in the refrigerator or freezer.
• Keep pet foods and birdseed away from the pantry in covered metal containers in a laundry room, garage or outside shed.
• Hang seed-and-fruit wreaths outside. Better yet, purchase or make wreaths of twigs or evergreens that don’t contain edibles.
• Consider placing some meal-moth pheromone traps (widely available online and in hardware, garden, and home-supply stores). These traps monitor the presence of meal moths, and perhaps prevent a future infestation. The traps work by attracting the male moths, who then become stuck to glue boards and die, unable to fertilize female moths. (Warning: Some folks find the glue traps too gruesome, since the trapped moths aren’t killed quickly, but flutter for some time before dying.)
  
  Note: Don’t be deterred by negative comments from others who claim the traps didn’t work and now they have moths flying all around their homes. These folks are probably aren’t seeing meal moths, but rather one or more of the many other Lepidopterans (butterflies and moths) that commonly visit home interiors.

Finally, please don’t use insecticides to kill meal moths. Not only are they unlikely to be effective, but many aren’t safe for use around food.

See more about pantry pests—mice!

Do you have or have you had pantry moths? What did you do to get rid of them?

Addendum: September 19, 2020

      Wow! So many good suggestions from readers. Thank you all!

• Add a few bay leaves to each container of stored seeds, flours, grains, or dried fruit. Also, if you have one, your cookie jar.
• Sprinkle diatomaceous earth around the edges and in the corners of your pantry shelves.
• Look way beyond your pantry for moths, webs and/or larvae, e.g., around your ceilings and the walls of your food-storage spaces.