Planting
When to Plant Basil
Wait until after the danger of frost has passed before planting basil outdoors. Basil loves warmth, so for best growth, wait until the soil has warmed and nighttime temperatures are consistently above 50°F (10°C).
If starting basil from seed, sow indoors 6 to 8 weeks before your last spring frost date, then transplant seedlings outside once conditions are warm enough. University of Minnesota Extension
Don’t rush basil! Without warmth, it simply won’t take off.
| If you’re… | When to start |
|---|---|
| Starting basil seeds indoors | 6–8 weeks before the last spring frost |
| Planting basil outdoors | After frost danger has passed and nights stay above 50°F |
Where to Plant Basil
Plant basil where it will get 6 to 8 hours of sun each day. In very hot climates, a little afternoon shade can help protect the leaves from heat stress. Indoors, place basil in your sunniest window or under grow lights.
One handy trick is to tuck basil beside taller plants, such as tomatoes, where it can get a little relief from the strongest afternoon sun. Basil and tomatoes are also classic garden companions, which makes them an easy pairing in the vegetable garden.
Choose a spot with well-drained soil that stays evenly moist. Basil grows happily in garden beds, raised beds, and containers. If you’re checking soil pH, aim for about 6.0 to 7.5.
How to Plant Basil
- To start basil from seed indoors, fill pots or seedling trays with seed-starting mix and sow 2 seeds per pot or cell, about ¼ inch deep. Keep the mix moist and place the trays under grow lights; a heating mat can help speed germination. Basil usually sprouts in about 5 to 7 days. Once the seedlings develop true leaves, snip off the weaker one so just one plant remains in each pot or cell.
- To transplant basil outdoors, wait until the weather has warmed, then set seedlings or nursery plants at the same depth they were growing in their pots. Space plants about 10 to 12 inches apart.
- Growing basil in a container? Give each plant its own pot with good drainage. A container at least 6 to 10 inches across works for a single plant, though a larger pot will dry out more slowly.
- After planting, add a 2- to 3-inch layer of mulch or compost around the plants to help hold moisture and suppress weeds.
Growing
Watering
Keep basil evenly moist, but don’t let the soil stay soggy. Water when the top inch of soil feels dry; plants in containers will usually need water more often than basil growing in the ground.
During hot summer weather, check basil frequently—especially pots, which can dry out quickly. If you live in a hot area, adding mulch helps hold moisture longer and reduce how often you need to water.
Fertilizing
Basil doesn’t need heavy feeding. If growth slows or leaves look pale, feed plants lightly with a balanced liquid fertilizer during the growing season. Container-grown basil may need feeding more often because nutrients wash out with regular watering.
Pruning or Maintenance
Pinch basil regularly to keep plants bushy and producing new leaves. Once a young plant has several sets of true leaves, pinch the stem just above a pair of leaves. New branches will grow from that spot, making the plant fuller.
Continue pinching or harvesting every week or two as the plant grows. If flower buds appear, pinch them off to keep the plant focused on leaf production—unless you’d rather leave some blooms for pollinators.
That’s much easier for a beginner to understand than “pinch the leaves back to just above the second set of leaves.”
Temperatures and Seasonal Care
Basil loves warmth but is very sensitive to cold. If a late chill threatens, protect plants with a frost cover or move containers indoors. Before the first fall frost, harvest the remaining leaves—basil will not survive freezing temperatures.
In very hot weather, basil may need more frequent watering, and a little afternoon shade can help in especially hot climates. Check container-grown plants often; they can dry out much faster than plants in the ground.
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Types
Types of Basil
- Sweet basil or Genovese basil is the classic basil most gardeners know, with large green leaves and the familiar sweet, peppery flavor used in pesto and other summer dishes. It is a good all-purpose choice for garden beds and containers.
- Cinnamon basil has green leaves with purple stems and flowers, plus a mild cinnamon-spice aroma. It grows tall and makes an attractive choice for both herb gardens and ornamental beds.
- Purple basil has deep burgundy leaves that add striking color to containers and garden beds. Its flavor is similar to sweet basil but a little more assertive.
- Thai basil has narrow green leaves, purple stems, and a distinctive licorice-like flavor. It also holds up well in hot weather.
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Comments
Basil grows naturally in tropical areas. It likes moisture, light, and warmth, but that being said, sun scald can sometimes occur, especially in high temperatures, or if a plant growing in lower light is suddenly placed in bright light. If this is the case, or you are finding that in your climate it doesn't do well in direct sun, then definitely place it in part shade.
To harvest basil, when the plant is at least 6 inches high and has more than 2 pairs of leaves along a stem, you can use your fingers to pinch the stem just above where a pair of leaves emerge (so you are harvesting leaves attached to a stem with a bit of stem below the bottom leaves), leaving at least 2 pairs of leaves on the remaining stem. Or you can use pruning shears or scissors to make the cut along the stem. Do not remove more than a third of the stem, or a third of the plant total. You can also harvest just a leaf or tw,o as needed. If you keep pruning the stems, it will encourage bushy growth. Trim off any flower buds that develop.
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If the plant was just transplanted the same day, it likely needs a little TLC for a few days so that the roots can get established in its new home. Otherwise, wilting is a common sign of stress. In this case, put the plant in part shade for a while. Gradually expose it to more and more sunlight as the days pass. (If it is not able to be moved, provide some shade over it, such as with shade cloth found in garden centers.) Keep up with the watering, but don't overdo--basil doesn't like soggy soil. After this treatment, it should recover fine.
That being said, keep an eye on it once it is in full sun. If it starts to turn brown at the edges, it may be due to sunscald, which can happen during a heat wave. During times of extreme heat, provide some shade and be sure to keep up with watering. Brown edges and curling may also mean pests or diseases are attacking the plant--check for insects along the stem and under leaves. Too much water, too little sunlight, too much fertilizer can also bring on the same symptoms. Keep soil evenly moist, and allow plenty of sunshine once established, but provide shade during high heat. Hope this helps!