Oh, the delightful delphinium! The stalwart of many summer flower gardens, these showy perennials are grown for their long, colorful spikes in blue and other gorgeous hues.
Flowering all summer, delphiniums are butterfly and hummingbird magnets, too! Learn how to plant, grow, and care for delphiniums.
Delphinium is a genus in the Ranunculaceae family. (They’re often confused with larkspur, which are a different plant species.) There are more than 300 delphinium species, so there is quite a variety of heights, from dwarf hybrids to 6-foot tall beauties, so they can be planted in the front, middle, or back of a perennial border. The blue delphinium is most common, but varieties also come in gorgeous shades of violet, pink, white, red, and purple. They are popular in both cottage-style and cutting gardens.
Most delphiniums are short-lived perennials, lasting 2 or 3 years in the garden. Some varieties will bloom throughout the entire summer if the plants are cut back regularly. Other hybrids bloom from early to mid-summer and will produce a second flower display in late summer or early fall if you cut off the old flower stalk.
What’s important to know about delphiniums is that they will thrive if you meet their specific conditions. Delphiniums prefer moist, cool summers; they do not fare well in hot, dry weather or sudden wind or rain, which can knock them down. Most varieties will need staking. See more details below.
Are Delphinium Poisonous?
Yes, delphiniums are highly poisonous. If seeds and seedlings are ingested, they can cause nausea, twitching muscles, paralysis, and even death. This is mainly a concern for grazing animals such as cattle, horses, and sheep, and it is also a caution to gardeners with small children.
Growing
- Delphiniums are heavy feeders. Apply a balanced liquid fertilizer starting in early spring every 2 to 3 weeks.
- Insert sturdy stake supports no later than mid-spring or when the plants reach 12 inches high.
- Do not allow the soil to dry out, but avoid puddling. Water plants during the summer if rainfall is less than 1 inch per week.
- For ideal flower spikes, thin side shoots at 3 inches high, leaving 2 or 3 shoots on young plants and 5 to 7 shoots on mature, well-established ones.
- Deadhead by cutting spent flower spikes back to small, flowering side shoots.
- After delphiniums have finished blooming, cut flower stalks to the ground, and new, though smaller, flower stalks will develop. The flowers will survive the coming cold days and even light frosts. (See local frost dates.)
- Every 3 to 4 years, divide plants in spring: Remove and replant the new little plants growing around the outside of the clump. Discard the hard old heart.
Types
- Belladonna Group: blue flowers native to North America; easier to grow and longer-lived than varieties in the Elatum Group (below); upright, loose, and branching perennials; secondary flower spikes extend bloom period into autumn; 3 to 4 feet tall. ‘Blue Donna’ has clear, blue flowers.
- Elatum Group: tallest varieties in shades of violet, blue, pink, and/or white; short-lived; reach 6 feet tall or more. ‘Aurora Deep Purple’ has purple flowers with a white center.
- Pacific Hybrids: 3-inch violet, blue, and pink flowers; short-lived; tolerate warm/hot climates as annuals; giant (3- to 6-foot) heirlooms and dwarf hybrids. ‘King Arthur’, 5 to 6 feet tall, has plum flowers with white centers.
More Like This
It is typical of delphinium's second bloom stalk to be smaller than the first. Take heart in the fact that you are doing everything right: Some gardeners find this a difficult plant to grow!
All in all, the plant has been through a lot during its month in your care: A stalk was amputated. It was soaked in hot water. Why the bananas? These are traditionally said to benefit to roses (and some dispute this). Diluted urea? Why? Neem oil? Why—does it have looper worms? (Search "neem" on this page for more on this.) Has the plant had time to get acquainted with its new home? Does it get sun? It sound like you've watered it plenty. Is the soil damp? If so, it's watered. One-inch of rain per week is watering until the water soaks down 1 inch. You should just water when it is dry. Delphiniums do not like "wet feet." We suggest that you read the care tips above and the reader comments and our responses below.
About the new growth that is yellow with green veins and is drooping: this may be a sign of an iron or magnesium deficiency and/or it could be a sign of improper pH. Do a soil test; you want a pH that is at least slightly alkaline.
You should also consult your local cooperative extension. Click here http://www.almanac.com/search/site/cooperative%20extension chose your state, and find the service nearest you. The folks here are very helpful!
Our only thought is, as noted above, to contact your local cooperative extension and ask the advice of experts there. Being "on the ground" and familiar with local conditions they may have insights or comments.
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