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Planting and Growing Phlox

white phlox flowers
Image Credit:
Pixabay
Botanical Name
Phlox
Grown as
Perennial
USDA Zones
3a
3b
4a
4b
5a
5b
6a
6b
7a
7b
8a
8b
Toxicity
Non-toxic
Sun Exposure
Full Sun
Partial Sun
Shade
Water Needs
Moderate
Height
1–3 feet
Spread
1–3 feet
Soil pH
Neutral
Bloom Time
Spring
Summer
Flower Color
Blue
Pink
Purple
Red
White
Special Features
Container-Friendly
Cut Flower
Erosion Control
Fragrant
Long Blooming
Low Maintenance
Attracts Butterflies
Attracts Hummingbirds
Attracts Pollinators
Resilience
Clay Soil Tolerant
Cold Hardy
Plant Type
Flowers
Written By: Catherine Boeckmann Executive Digital Editor and Master Gardener

Looking to add a pop of color that butterflies love but deer won’t touch? Meet phlox—your new favorite flowering perennial. Whether it’s the candy-colored carpet of creeping phlox in early spring or the fragrant, tall blooms of garden phlox in summer, this versatile bloomer brings beauty to beds, borders, and everything in between. Ready to grow a garden showstopper that doesn’t mind a little shade or sun? Let’s dig into how to plant, grow, and care for phlox!

Bees, butterflies, and pollinators also adore phlox. And fortunately, phlox is deer-resistant, as deer do NOT like smelly flowers!

Planting

When to Plant Phlox

Plant phlox in the spring after the threat of frost has passed, or plant in the fall at least a month before your first frost.

Where to Plant Phlox

Because there are so many different types of phlox, sunlight requirements vary. Tall garden phlox do best in full sun, while woodland species thrive in partial shade. 

In general, phlox prefer soil that is nutrient-rich and evenly moist. They do not like to sit in wet soil, however. Use a garden fork or tiller to prepare your garden bed prior to planting. Loosen the soil to about 12 to 15 inches deep, then mix in a 2- to 4-inch layer of compost to improve soil consistency and fertility.

How to Plant Phlox

  • It is easier to grow phlox from cuttings/transplants than from seeds, although established plants will readily spread by seed in the garden.
  • Space plants according to their mature size.
  • If you are transplanting a plant from a pot, dig a hole about twice the size of the pot’s diameter and place the plant so that the top of the root ball is even with the soil’s surface. Fill in around the root ball, and remember to water it thoroughly.

White, pink, and purple phlox flowers.

Growing

Watering

If you receive less than 1 inch of rain a week, remember to regularly water your plants throughout the summer.

Mulching

Each spring, put a thin layer of compost and a 2-inch layer of mulch around the plants to help keep the soil moist and control weeds.

Deadheading

Remember to remove the dead/faded flowers so that your plants can rebloom. Try out the Chelsea Chop!

Seasonal Care

If you have tall phlox, cut the stems back to about 1 to 2 inches above the soil after the first killing frost in the fall. (See local frost dates.) Divide tall garden phlox every 2 to 3 years to ensure healthy and disease-free plants.

Pests and Problems

Phlox Problems

Phlox is a colorful, pollinator-friendly perennial that is generally easy to grow. However, poor air circulation, overcrowding, and excess moisture can lead to disease problems, especially during humid weather.

Powdery mildew is one of the most common issues affecting phlox. Providing proper spacing, avoiding overhead watering, and cutting back stems after flowering can help reduce its spread. Choosing mildew-resistant varieties is also helpful.

Phlox Pests

Phlox may occasionally be affected by a few common garden pests.

Stem nematodes can damage stems and foliage, causing distorted growth.

Leaf miners tunnel through leaves, leaving visible trails and weakening plants.

Caterpillars may chew holes in foliage and flowers.

Phlox Diseases

Phlox can be affected by several fungal and soil-related diseases, especially in damp or crowded conditions.

Powdery mildew is common and appears as a white, powdery coating on leaves and stems; it is especially common during humid weather. Keep proper air circulation in mind when spacing out plants and avoid getting excess water on the foliage. Cutting back stems after flowering can also help to reduce the spread of powdery mildew, as can choosing mildew-resistant varieties.

Stem canker can cause dark lesions on stems, leading to wilting and dieback.

Rust causes orange or brown pustules on foliage and may weaken plants over time.

Southern blight is a soil-borne disease that can cause rapid wilting and collapse near the base of the plant.

Leaf spot diseases create dark spots or blotches on foliage, reducing the plant’s overall appearance and vigor.

Types

These perennials sport copious star-shaped, colorful flowers from spring through summer, depending on the variety. Because there are so many types (many of which are native to North America), you can find a phlox for almost any garden. Truly, their versatility can’t be overstated. 

  • Low-growing creeping phlox works great as ground cover in sunny yards.
  • Ankle-high woodland phlox is perfect for dappled, shady beds.
  • Medium-height garden phlox is often the “backbone” of the perennial garden, providing a layer of color midway through the garden and filling in gaps.
  • Tall garden phlox is excellent as a colorful backdrop, with large, often-fragrant flower clusters.

 

Wit and Wisdom

  • April’s Full Moon has traditionally been called the “Full Pink Moon” because it heralded the appearance of the “moss pink,” or wild ground phlox—one of the first spring flowers.
  • Medium and tall phlox are good companions for summer perennials such as lilies, bee balm, rudbeckia, Shasta daisies, yarrow, and clematis.

 

Flowers

About The Author

Catherine Boeckmann

Catherine Boeckmann

Executive Digital Editor and Master Gardener

Catherine Boeckmann loves nature, stargazing, and gardening so it’s not surprising that she and The Old Farmer’s Almanac found each other. She leads digital content for the Almanac website, and is also a certified master gardener in the state of Indiana.

Read more from Catherine Boeckmann

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Comments

<span>Jeanrose</span> Thu, 09/12/2013 - 15:52
I have beautiful phlox which I did not deadhead this summer when the blooms were done; Now for the first time in all the years I have had these plants they have bloomed again, as beautifully as the first time. This seems to go against all the advice given here. What gives?
<a title="View user profile." href="/author/editors">The Editors</a> Fri, 09/13/2013 - 16:21

Our guess is that your phlox bloomed, went to seed and dropped the seeds in the soil. The new plants grew fast enough to start blooming before the end of the season. You can check to see if the phlox bloomed on the old stems or new stems.

 <span>Graham Lawson</span> Wed, 09/04/2013 - 16:54
Y'all keep saying phlox is a perennial, then how come I keep reading about how it "comes back next year" and " . . "had plant for over 3 years", and "if your phlox does not bloom next year, do so-and-so", etc. Well I've reached the conclusion that if I cover it over with deep mulch maybe it'll stay alive through the winter and COME BACK IN THE SPRING . . . . RIGHT? ? ? ? (I'm in Colorado)
<a title="View user profile." href="/author/editors">The Editors</a> Sat, 09/07/2013 - 10:08

A "perennial" plant is one that grows for multiple years so, yes, it will should come back in the spring. Here is the definition: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/perennial

 <span>Karen Hicks</span> Wed, 08/28/2013 - 16:14
I spent the first part of the summer pulling out phlox from around my house and picking the little green seeds off my cats. Is all phlox like this? It's pretty but the seeds are a pain in the butt.
<a title="View user profile." href="/author/editors">The Editors</a> Sat, 09/07/2013 - 10:09

To avoid this issue, just deadhead your phlox before they go to seed. This is good practice (not just because of your cat); the little seedlings tend to crowd out the mother plant over time.

 <span>Igor</span> Fri, 08/23/2013 - 19:20
may phlox be annual?
<span>Suzen</span> Fri, 05/02/2014 - 09:21
there is an annual phlox one can purchase often in multi colored mix seed packs. They grow to about 12-18" tall and if trimmed of flowers going to seed will continue flowering all summer.
<a title="View user profile." href="/author/editors">The Editors</a> Sat, 08/24/2013 - 06:20

Phlox are perennials.

 <span>Jackie Holloway</span> Fri, 08/16/2013 - 13:32
Flower don't bloom had plant for over3years did fertalizer like other suggestion and only one flower help please