When do you prune your hydrangea? It depends. If your hydrangea blooms on “old” wood, you should NOT cut back in the fall, or you will sacrifice next year’s flowers! See our handy chart on when to prune common types of hydrangea.
When to Prune Hydrangeas
Hydrangeas should be pruned based on whether they bloom on old or new wood. Bigleaf, oakleaf, mountain, and climbing hydrangeas bloom on old wood and should be pruned after flowering in summer. Panicle and smooth hydrangeas bloom on new wood and should be pruned in late winter or early spring.
Hydrangea Pruning Chart
Use this hydrangea pruning chart to determine the correct pruning time for each variety.
| Hydrangea Type | When to Prune | Where Flowers Appear |
|---|---|---|
| Mophead and Bigleaf (H. macrophylla) | After flowering (summer) | On old growth |
| Oakleaf (H. quercifolia) | After flowering (summer) | On old growth |
| Panicle (H. paniculata) | Late winter/early spring, before spring growth | On new growth |
| Smooth (H. arborescens) | Late winter/early spring, before spring growth | On new growth |
| Mountain (H. serrata) | After flowering (summer) | On old growth |
| Climbing (H. anomala subsp. petiolaris) | After flowering (summer) | On old growth |
Photos and Tips by Hydrangea Variety
Both mophead and lacecap hydrangeas are considered bigleaf or macrophylla hydrangeas, so they can be pruned right after flowering by cutting back the flowering shoots to the next bud. If you have older plants that aren’t blooming well, you can cut up to a third of the stems off at the base in late summer to encourage new growth.
Mophead and Bigleaf Hydrangeas (Hydrangea macrophylla)
There are hydrangea hybrids that grow on both old and new wood. My ‘Endless Summer’ mophead hydrangea (hardy from Zones 4 to 9) has the wonderful ability to bloom on both old and new wood. ‘Endless Summer’ hydrangeas thrive with sun in the morning and shade in the afternoon. You do not have to prune your ‘Endless Summer’ since they bloom on both old and new growth, but if you need to cut back, do so immediately after blooming. Remove only dead stems in the spring.
My other blue hydrangea is a lacecap type, called ‘Let’s Dance Starlight’, but instead of the huge, mophead type of flower cluster that ‘Endless Summer’ has, the lacecap hydrangea bears a flat blossom made up of many small, fertile flowers surrounded by a few showy, sterile flowers. It is hardy from Zones 5 to 9 and blooms on both old and new wood. As with ‘Endless Summer’, pruning is generally not needed, but it may be trimmed lightly after the first flowering.
Bottom line: Mophead and Bigleaf hydrangeas should only be pruned just after the flowers have faded and no later.
Panicle Hydrangeas (H. paniculata)
The hydrangeas grown most often in cooler climates are the panicle types, since they are not only beautiful but also very hardy, surviving Zone 3 winters with no problems. One of the oldest and most reliable favorites is ‘Grandiflora’, also known as Pee Gee hydrangea. Native to China and Japan, it was the first Asian hydrangea cultivar introduced to the United States in 1862. They were a big hit during the Victorian era. The flowers start out a creamy white and turn a rosy pink as they age. They can be dried and look lovely in a winter arrangement. Find out how to dry these lovely hydrangeas here.
There are many panicle types to choose from. I have one called ‘Pinky Winky’ that has long, cone-shaped white and pink flowers, and also ‘Vanilla Strawberry’, which has panicles that color from white at the tip to pink in the middle and red at the base. For something different, try ‘Limelight’, which has chartreuse flowers that gradually turn pink in autumn.
Bottom-line: Panicle-type hydrangeas should be pruned in late winter or early spring. While they could be pruned in fall, we highly advise waiting until late winter/early spring to reduce the risk of injury.
Smooth Hydrangeas (H. arborescens)
Smooth hydrangeas are North American natives, originally found growing wild in Pennsylvania. They tolerate light shade, begin to bloom in June, and continue to blossom until fall. Their white flowers are round and can reach 12 inches in diameter.
The popular cultivar ‘Annabelle’ grows to be 3 to 5 feet tall and can be used to light up a shady path or as a mass planting at the edge of the woods. It is hardy to Zone 3.
Bottom line: Smooth hydrangeas can be pruned back to the ground in late winter or early spring. While they could be pruned in fall, we highly advise waiting until late winter/early spring.
Oakleaf Hydrangeas (H. quercifolia)
Oakleaf hydrangeas are another North American native, having been discovered in Georgia in 1773.
Also called swamp snowball, it is hardy to Zone 5, and though it prefers full sun, it can take some shade and still blossom well. It blooms a little later than the other hydrangeas, beginning in August. Its flowers are large panicles that start out white and turn dark pink as they age. The leaves, which are deeply lobed like an oak leaf, turn a rich maroon red in the fall.
Bottom line: Oakleaf hydrangeas, which bloom on old wood, should only be pruned just after the flowers have faded and no later.
Learn More
Not sure which hydrangea you have? We can help. See our article on Different Hydrangea Varieties (with pictures!).
Enjoy our complete Guide to Hydrangeas for all your planting, growing, and pruning questions!
Plant thieves should be sentenced to hard labor in the gardens they spoil! Your poor plant should have recovered by now. Do you get late spring frosts where you live? Sometimes they damage developing buds. Perhaps it just needs a little bone meal or other fertilizer that's high in phosphorus to encourage it to bloom.
It may be planted in the wrong place. They need morning sun and afternoon shade. The farther north you live the more sun they can handle, but they will not grow well in heavy shade. They need well drained soil and like to be kept evenly moist but not too wet. Your soil my be lacking key nutrients. Have a soil test to see what you need.
Sorry I was not clear, Chris. I do the same as you. I just wait until I see what has died over the winter and cut that back to living wood to not lose those early blossoms.
If they have successfully bloomed for you in the past they will recover from their bad haircut and bloom for you again.
There are many reasons why hydrangeas don't bloom. Did they die back to the ground this spring? If so they won't bloom again until next year since most mopheads bloom on old wood.
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