Take the guesswork out of cooking meat and poultry! Here are tips on using a meat thermometer to measure the safe minimum internal temperature so that you know when it’s done, at peak flavor, and also safe for eating.

Meat and poultry are cooked and juicy at certain temperatures but become dry and tough if cooked much longer. Traditionally, judging when a bird is done roasting has meant visually checking the interior color of the meat while it is cooking—the redder the color, the rarer the meat. But this involves guesswork.

To be certain, we recommend using an instant-read thermometer. Round-dial and digital instant-read thermometers are available from kitchen supply stores and hardware stores and cost from $12 to $20.

Instant-read thermometers give readings quickly, but they are not oven-safe and must not be left in the meat while it is cooking. Use the thermometer toward the end of the minimum cooking time and allow it to remain in the meat for only 15 seconds, at a depth of 2 inches or to the indicator mark on the thermometer’s stem. Follow these guidelines for accurate readings:

• For roasts, steaks, and thick chops, insert the thermometer into the center at the thickest part, away from bone, fat, and gristle.
• For whole poultry, insert the thermometer into the inner thigh area near the breast but not touching bone.
• For ground meat (such as meat loaf), insert the thermometer into the thickest area.
• For thin items such as chops and hamburger patties, insert the thermometer sideways.