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Planting and Growing Marigolds

orange and red french marigold flowers with green foliage
Image Credit:
Pixabay
Botanical Name
Tagetes spp.
Grown as
Annual
Toxicity
Toxic to Dogs and Cats
Sun Exposure
Full Sun
Partial Sun
Water Needs
Moderate
Soil pH
Neutral
Bloom Time
Spring
Summer
Fall
Flower Color
Multicolor
Orange
Red
White
Yellow
Special Features
Container-Friendly
Cut Flower
Fall Color
Fragrant
Long Blooming
Low Maintenance
Attracts Butterflies
Attracts Pollinators
Deer-resistant
Rabbit-resistant
Resilience
Clay Soil Tolerant
Drought-Tolerant
Heat-Tolerant
Plant Type
Flowers
Written By: Catherine Boeckmann Executive Digital Editor and Master Gardener

Native throughout the Southwestern United States, Mexico, and parts of Central America, marigolds are low-maintenance flowers that thrive in hot weather, can handle drought and many pests—and may just become your garden’s new golden MVP! 

Whether you grow them in flower beds, borders, containers, or as bug-busting companion plants in vegetable gardens, this guide will teach you how to keep marigolds and enjoy their cheerful blooms from summer to fall!

Planting

When to Plant Marigolds

Young French and Signet marigolds can be planted from spring through midsummer, but tall African marigolds are slower to mature and should be planted as soon as the risk of spring frost has passed. Some growers plant marigold seeds directly in the garden, but I like to get a head start by sowing the seeds indoors about 6 to 8 weeks before my last frost date. Then, I harden the seedlings off when the weather warms and plant them outside when there’s no risk of frost.

Where to Plant Marigolds

Marigolds thrive in full sun and can withstand very hot summers. African and Signet marigolds are drought-tolerant, while French varieties can adapt to damper conditions. It’s best to keep these plants out of shady areas though, as low light can reduce flowering and increase the risk of powdery mildew.

While marigolds grow in almost any soil, they do best in moderately fertile, well-draining gardens. You can keep these plants in in-ground gardens, raised beds, or pots that are at least 8 to 12 inches in size. They make exceptional border plants too. 

How to Plant Marigolds

French marigolds can easily be started from seed, while African marigolds are trickier to germinate and are best purchased as young plants. If you want marigolds to thrive, blend compost or a balanced or low nitrogen, slow-release fertilizer into the soil before planting and then use these planting tips!

  • Starting marigolds from seeds: Fill pots, if you’re using them, with a quality seed-starting mix, then sow marigold seeds—indoors or out—by planting the seeds about 1/4 inch deep and spacing multiple seeds 1 inch apart. Keep the seeds well-watered and in bright light and thin them out to 8- to 10-inch spacing once they’re a few inches tall, or 10- to 12-inch spacing if you’re growing larger African marigolds.
  • Transplanting started plants: Nursery-started marigolds don’t need hardening off, but seeds that you started indoors will. After transitioning your plants to outdoor living, dig planting holes that are as deep as your seedlings’ root ball, plant the seedlings using the spacing guidelines above, and water them deeply to help their roots settle.

Yellow marigolds in a garden

Growing

Watering 

Marigolds are fairly drought-tolerant once established, but they appreciate consistent watering—especially during dry spells. I provide my plants with about 1 inch of water per week and water container-grown marigolds more frequently than the marigolds I’ve planted in my garden. Just be sure to let the soil dry out a bit in between waterings, and don’t water too much, as excess moisture can lead to root rot! 

Fertilizing 

When it comes to fertilizer, marigolds aren’t heavy feeders. In fact, too much nitrogen can lead to lush foliage with fewer flowers. A balanced, slow-release organic fertilizer at planting time or a light monthly feeding with liquid fertilizer throughout the growing season should do the trick.

Pruning and Maintenance 

Marigolds don’t need major pruning, but regularly deadheading spent flowers will encourage these plants to flower more profusely. It’s also wise to add mulch around your plants and stay on top of weeding. Too many weeds can compete with marigolds for soil nutrients and sun and lead to stunted growth.

If you want bushier plants, you can take things a little further and pinch off the tops of young marigolds once they’re established in your garden. This keeps the plants from becoming leggy and encourages more frequent flowering.

Seasonal Care

Since marigolds are typically grown as annuals, you don’t need to worry much about overwintering them. Just pull spent marigolds out of your garden when they die back with frost and chuck them into your compost pile. If desired, you can also collect marigold seeds in autumn for future plantings.

Field of orange marigold flowers

Harvesting

When to Harvest 

Once they’re mature, marigolds are bountiful bloomers, which can be left as is in the garden or harvested for cut flowers. If you’d like to make a marigold bouquet, the best time to pick flowers is in the afternoon when the blooms are half open or less. Marigold flowers that are fully open tend to shed petals fast and don’t last long in vases.

How to Harvest 

To harvest, simply snip marigold stems off at a leaf node using sharp, sterilized pruners or scissors. This will encourage your plants to branch out and flower more. To avoid plant stress, don’t harvest more than 1/3 of the plant’s blooms at once.

Storage and Preservation

After harvesting, place marigold flowers in a vase ASAP and remove any leaves that sit below the waterline. Cut marigold flowers typically last about 7 to 10 days in a vase, but you can also hang them upside down to dry and keep the preserved flowers even longer.

Pests and Problems

Marigolds are tough plants that are often interplanted among veggies and flowers as natural pest deterrents. But while marigolds aren’t troubled by many pests and other issues, they can still be vulnerable to a few potential problems.

Common Problems 

  • Reduced flowering can occur if marigolds are grown in low light or if they’re overfertilized with high nitrogen fertilizers.
  • Pests can also target marigolds, which is why they’re sometimes used as “trap crops” to draw aphids and other critters away from neighboring veggies.
  • Mildew can leave a powdery coating on marigold leaves and weaken plants over time.
  • Yellowing leaves may occur naturally as the leaves age, but it can also indicate that plants are struggling with low light or watering issues.

Common Pests 

Marigolds have few pests overall, but spider mites and aphids sometimes infest them. Usually, a spray of water or a weekly application of organic insecticidal soap is all it takes to get rid of these pests.

Plant Diseases

Marigolds may be affected by fungal diseases such as powdery mildew if conditions are too wet or air flow is poor. To prevent these problems, avoid getting water on marigold leaves, keep weeds down, and plant in well-draining soil. 

Types

 

orange and red French Marigolds
French Marigolds

When most people think of marigolds, they envision small plants with orange or yellow flowers. But marigolds come in a tremendous variety that can vary in fragrance level, flower shape and number, bloom time, and more. Here are the main types of marigolds that you may find at local plant nurseries and what sets each apart!

  • African marigolds, American marigolds, or Mexican marigolds (Tagetes erecta): These marigolds grow the tallest with big, full flowers on upright stems that stretch 3 to 4 feet in height. Despite the name, these plants are native to Mexico and Central America and thrive even under drought-like conditions. Try out plants like ‘Jubilee’ and ‘Safari’.
  • French marigolds (T. patula): This species of marigolds is smaller, bushier, and more compact and typically stays under 2 feet in height. Better suited to rainy conditions than other marigolds, French marigolds have more subtle flowers, but they still catch the eye. Try out plants like ‘Bonanza’ and ‘Aurora’.
  • Signet marigolds (T. tenuifolia): These petite marigolds do well in hot, dry sites and make beautiful edging plants as they rarely reach over a foot in height. Try out plants like ‘Starfire’ and ‘Lemon Gem’.

Wit and Wisdom

Flowers

About The Author

Catherine Boeckmann

Catherine Boeckmann

Executive Digital Editor and Master Gardener

Catherine Boeckmann loves nature, stargazing, and gardening so it’s not surprising that she and The Old Farmer’s Almanac found each other. She leads digital content for the Almanac website, and is also a certified master gardener in the state of Indiana.

Read more from Catherine Boeckmann

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Comments

<a title="View user profile." href="/author/editors">The Editors</a> Wed, 09/24/2014 - 15:35

Congrats on your beautiful marigolds. You are growing a tall variety. Tall marigolds may require staking to prevent the plants from falling over, especially during windy weather. We're not sure where you live, but many spring-planted marigolds usually do decline considerably by June due to falling over and sometimes petal blight or spider mites so it's not unusual.

 <span>Lynda Michel</span> Mon, 09/15/2014 - 07:35
I have been growing giant African marigolds near 7 years. I believe my first batch of seeds were from ebay. I just have a comment. My seed pods are huge this year. I grow in a sandy soil/ rabbit manure base and nothing else except soft water. The plants are full of large flowers, stems are near clocking 5ft. I am 5ft4, and I am looking the plants in the eye. Maybe I do have a wee question- I have never had troubles with any of my seeds taking. I am in Ontario Canada and plant outside after May 24. Question is I have 2 small laundry hampers filled to the brim with tiny zip bags of various GAM seed colours are mixed and cracker jack. Due to a sever bout of pnumonia that resulted me to have surgery cuz it punched a hole through my lung to the rib cage, I was un able to sell the seed packages, which are going into their third year. Now I did pinch me a package of Orange labbled Marigold seeds and they grew fantastic. The only reason why any of my GAM stems toppled over was because my st Bernard took a run through the garden when off chain. That said any one know how old the seeds can be before they are not going to grow anymore. Thank You for your time. Lynda and Jagger the ST Bernard
<a title="View user profile." href="/author/editors">The Editors</a> Mon, 09/15/2014 - 10:09

Hi Linda--and Jagger! If the seeds are stored correctly (cool, dark and dry), marigold seeds' expected storage life is 2 years.

 <span>Geoffrey Whitlock</span> Mon, 04/10/2017 - 12:17
Hello fellow marigold lovers, on the matter of a seeds storage life, a few months ago I came across six marigold seeds that somehow made their way into a flute case at least five years ago, when we moved house. I knew that after five years they'd probably be dead, but naturally I had to plant them just in case. Well, out of the six seeds one germinated, so I planted it in a tub with a Mexican marigold (the awesome Lemmonii). It barely got a stem going when the cotyledon(?) just withered and fell off; all that was left was the stalk. I left it to finish dying, yet a couple of weeks later a speck of green appeared, which a couple or so weeks later was a first tiny set of leaves.... since then it's growing like crazy - it's a foot across, with flower heads at all stages; the blossoms have 5 petals - deep dark red-brown, almost black. Amazing looking, and a real survivor. What I don't know is if it will self-pollinate (I really want some seeds from this little baby); but I did experiment a bit - I pollinated the first of its flowers with a flower from the Lemmonii. A bit ambitious perhaps, (and likely impossible?), one being an annual, the other a perenial, but what an awesome combination that would be... Incidentally, I only grow in containers and give my marigolds extended light periods with artificial lights indoors, (18 hours), imitating summer hours, and they just keep flowering and getting bigger; I want to see just how long they'll go with constant summer conditions - Here in the south of Western Australia marigolds do very well. What a delight it is to have found this site ... very interesting and informative
<span>Cricket 68</span> Wed, 09/10/2014 - 10:59

I am new to gardening, I just bought my first home and need some assistance. I want to plant something to repel bugs in general, are marigolds to key? How do I collect the seeds ( not sure exactly what that means) is there a time of year they dry up and I can save them for next year? Are nasturtiums good for bug control as well? I just moved to Arizona. Cricket

<a title="View user profile." href="/author/editors">The Editors</a> Thu, 09/11/2014 - 09:15

Nasturtiums are known to repel aphids and several kinds of beetles. Marigolds are known for deterring nematodes (small worms that destroy plant's roots). They are toxic to some species. However, marigolds aren't proven to deter other insects. 

 <span>Lizb</span> Sun, 08/16/2015 - 09:49
Maybe not always but I've found that Mosquitos are fewer in numbers when marigolds are in the landscape. It doesn't hurt to try.
<span>Tammy Kooiker</span> Sat, 08/23/2014 - 11:05
Will Marigolds keep raccoon out of the garden, if used as a border?
<a title="View user profile." href="/author/editors">The Editors</a> Thu, 08/28/2014 - 09:18

Marigolds let off a smell that raccoons do not like and will avoid.

 <span>Mark Menser</span> Mon, 08/11/2014 - 18:48
I planted marigolds among my Kohlrabi, broccoli , Turnips and Tomatoes. Rather than repel bugs, all of my plants have been eaten by pests, but the marigolds are LOADED with wasps and bumblebees to the point I cannot even got to parts of my garden.