For daily wit & wisdom, get the Almanac newsletter.

Planting and Growing Marigolds

orange and red french marigold flowers with green foliage
Image Credit:
Pixabay
Botanical Name
Tagetes spp.
Grown as
Annual
Toxicity
Toxic to Dogs and Cats
Sun Exposure
Full Sun
Partial Sun
Water Needs
Moderate
Soil pH
Neutral
Bloom Time
Spring
Summer
Fall
Flower Color
Multicolor
Orange
Red
White
Yellow
Special Features
Container-Friendly
Cut Flower
Fall Color
Fragrant
Long Blooming
Low Maintenance
Attracts Butterflies
Attracts Pollinators
Deer-resistant
Rabbit-resistant
Resilience
Clay Soil Tolerant
Drought-Tolerant
Heat-Tolerant
Plant Type
Flowers
Written By: Catherine Boeckmann Executive Digital Editor and Master Gardener

Native throughout the Southwestern United States, Mexico, and parts of Central America, marigolds are low-maintenance flowers that thrive in hot weather, can handle drought and many pests—and may just become your garden’s new golden MVP! 

Whether you grow them in flower beds, borders, containers, or as bug-busting companion plants in vegetable gardens, this guide will teach you how to keep marigolds and enjoy their cheerful blooms from summer to fall!

Planting

When to Plant Marigolds

Young French and Signet marigolds can be planted from spring through midsummer, but tall African marigolds are slower to mature and should be planted as soon as the risk of spring frost has passed. Some growers plant marigold seeds directly in the garden, but I like to get a head start by sowing the seeds indoors about 6 to 8 weeks before my last frost date. Then, I harden the seedlings off when the weather warms and plant them outside when there’s no risk of frost.

Where to Plant Marigolds

Marigolds thrive in full sun and can withstand very hot summers. African and Signet marigolds are drought-tolerant, while French varieties can adapt to damper conditions. It’s best to keep these plants out of shady areas though, as low light can reduce flowering and increase the risk of powdery mildew.

While marigolds grow in almost any soil, they do best in moderately fertile, well-draining gardens. You can keep these plants in in-ground gardens, raised beds, or pots that are at least 8 to 12 inches in size. They make exceptional border plants too. 

How to Plant Marigolds

French marigolds can easily be started from seed, while African marigolds are trickier to germinate and are best purchased as young plants. If you want marigolds to thrive, blend compost or a balanced or low nitrogen, slow-release fertilizer into the soil before planting and then use these planting tips!

  • Starting marigolds from seeds: Fill pots, if you’re using them, with a quality seed-starting mix, then sow marigold seeds—indoors or out—by planting the seeds about 1/4 inch deep and spacing multiple seeds 1 inch apart. Keep the seeds well-watered and in bright light and thin them out to 8- to 10-inch spacing once they’re a few inches tall, or 10- to 12-inch spacing if you’re growing larger African marigolds.
  • Transplanting started plants: Nursery-started marigolds don’t need hardening off, but seeds that you started indoors will. After transitioning your plants to outdoor living, dig planting holes that are as deep as your seedlings’ root ball, plant the seedlings using the spacing guidelines above, and water them deeply to help their roots settle.

Yellow marigolds in a garden

Growing

Watering 

Marigolds are fairly drought-tolerant once established, but they appreciate consistent watering—especially during dry spells. I provide my plants with about 1 inch of water per week and water container-grown marigolds more frequently than the marigolds I’ve planted in my garden. Just be sure to let the soil dry out a bit in between waterings, and don’t water too much, as excess moisture can lead to root rot! 

Fertilizing 

When it comes to fertilizer, marigolds aren’t heavy feeders. In fact, too much nitrogen can lead to lush foliage with fewer flowers. A balanced, slow-release organic fertilizer at planting time or a light monthly feeding with liquid fertilizer throughout the growing season should do the trick.

Pruning and Maintenance 

Marigolds don’t need major pruning, but regularly deadheading spent flowers will encourage these plants to flower more profusely. It’s also wise to add mulch around your plants and stay on top of weeding. Too many weeds can compete with marigolds for soil nutrients and sun and lead to stunted growth.

If you want bushier plants, you can take things a little further and pinch off the tops of young marigolds once they’re established in your garden. This keeps the plants from becoming leggy and encourages more frequent flowering.

Seasonal Care

Since marigolds are typically grown as annuals, you don’t need to worry much about overwintering them. Just pull spent marigolds out of your garden when they die back with frost and chuck them into your compost pile. If desired, you can also collect marigold seeds in autumn for future plantings.

Field of orange marigold flowers

Harvesting

When to Harvest 

Once they’re mature, marigolds are bountiful bloomers, which can be left as is in the garden or harvested for cut flowers. If you’d like to make a marigold bouquet, the best time to pick flowers is in the afternoon when the blooms are half open or less. Marigold flowers that are fully open tend to shed petals fast and don’t last long in vases.

How to Harvest 

To harvest, simply snip marigold stems off at a leaf node using sharp, sterilized pruners or scissors. This will encourage your plants to branch out and flower more. To avoid plant stress, don’t harvest more than 1/3 of the plant’s blooms at once.

Storage and Preservation

After harvesting, place marigold flowers in a vase ASAP and remove any leaves that sit below the waterline. Cut marigold flowers typically last about 7 to 10 days in a vase, but you can also hang them upside down to dry and keep the preserved flowers even longer.

Pests and Problems

Marigolds are tough plants that are often interplanted among veggies and flowers as natural pest deterrents. But while marigolds aren’t troubled by many pests and other issues, they can still be vulnerable to a few potential problems.

Common Problems 

  • Reduced flowering can occur if marigolds are grown in low light or if they’re overfertilized with high nitrogen fertilizers.
  • Pests can also target marigolds, which is why they’re sometimes used as “trap crops” to draw aphids and other critters away from neighboring veggies.
  • Mildew can leave a powdery coating on marigold leaves and weaken plants over time.
  • Yellowing leaves may occur naturally as the leaves age, but it can also indicate that plants are struggling with low light or watering issues.

Common Pests 

Marigolds have few pests overall, but spider mites and aphids sometimes infest them. Usually, a spray of water or a weekly application of organic insecticidal soap is all it takes to get rid of these pests.

Plant Diseases

Marigolds may be affected by fungal diseases such as powdery mildew if conditions are too wet or air flow is poor. To prevent these problems, avoid getting water on marigold leaves, keep weeds down, and plant in well-draining soil. 

Types

 

orange and red French Marigolds
French Marigolds

When most people think of marigolds, they envision small plants with orange or yellow flowers. But marigolds come in a tremendous variety that can vary in fragrance level, flower shape and number, bloom time, and more. Here are the main types of marigolds that you may find at local plant nurseries and what sets each apart!

  • African marigolds, American marigolds, or Mexican marigolds (Tagetes erecta): These marigolds grow the tallest with big, full flowers on upright stems that stretch 3 to 4 feet in height. Despite the name, these plants are native to Mexico and Central America and thrive even under drought-like conditions. Try out plants like ‘Jubilee’ and ‘Safari’.
  • French marigolds (T. patula): This species of marigolds is smaller, bushier, and more compact and typically stays under 2 feet in height. Better suited to rainy conditions than other marigolds, French marigolds have more subtle flowers, but they still catch the eye. Try out plants like ‘Bonanza’ and ‘Aurora’.
  • Signet marigolds (T. tenuifolia): These petite marigolds do well in hot, dry sites and make beautiful edging plants as they rarely reach over a foot in height. Try out plants like ‘Starfire’ and ‘Lemon Gem’.

Wit and Wisdom

Flowers

About The Author

Catherine Boeckmann

Catherine Boeckmann

Executive Digital Editor and Master Gardener

Catherine Boeckmann loves nature, stargazing, and gardening so it’s not surprising that she and The Old Farmer’s Almanac found each other. She leads digital content for the Almanac website, and is also a certified master gardener in the state of Indiana.

Read more from Catherine Boeckmann

More Like This

Comments

<span>Chriswinters</span> Sun, 02/13/2022 - 17:21
Marigolds are trap plants. They're supposed to attract pests so the pests won't get on your tomatoes. The pests could be anything. A lot of times, it's slugs or snails. You can always use the beer method! Place a shallow container near the area of your plants. Bury it to the rim and pour a small amount of regular beer in the container and the slugs go for a drink and drown. They like the yeast.
<a title="View user profile." href="/author/editors">The Editors</a> Thu, 03/11/2021 - 13:43

Marigolds are meant to be a 'trap plant' so they're actually doing their job. Without the marigolds, the earwigs move onto other plants at night.  You can go out with a bucket of hot soapy water and knock the gathered masses into it to help reduce the overall population.

 <span>Mike</span> Mon, 03/08/2021 - 13:26
I always take an opportunity to spread the word about calendula, which seem to be under-represented in gardens, at least near me! I didn't know much about them myself until a few years ago. At a gas station in late October, I saw flowers still blooming along a divider strip. I yanked a few out of the ground, took them to my yard, shoved them in the soil, watered daily. They perked up, grew until the first freeze, set seed, all in about 3 weeks, at the very end of the season. When spring arrived, I had new plants coming in like crazy mid-April. They started to bloom early June and they go until frost. They are, in fact, the very last bloom in my garden every year now. I had to thin them out as they spread so easily but they come right out and are easy to control. They are also easy to move fully established plants - pull up, get the roots, water for a week every day and they will take. Of course, you can also just sprinkle seeds anytime during the season and they'll sprout almost immediately. No burying needed, just toss them where you want them. I know have multiple patches from those three late season impulse yanks! I think it's five years now. You may want to put in a few 18" garden fences in your calendula area - they get 24" tall and high winds in thunderstorms can knock them down. Dollar stores have these little fences. Just get them in as the new growth is coming up and they'll stay upright. They don't smell like marigolds, they look like daisies and they never stop blooming. It takes a few minutes a week to remove seeds if you want. They look nicer cleaned up and you can use the seeds anywhere but you'll have so many you can give them to friends or just toss them. A real gem of a flower. Oh, and while they don't last long in a vase, you do get about 3 days if you want to bring some inside. Pick a newly opened flower and it will open and close indoors for a few days, sleeping at night and waking up in the day. Very cool.
<span>Lucy Spencer</span> Sun, 02/28/2021 - 18:03
Hi! In the How To Grow section you mention "pinch off the tops of the plants to encourage them to grow bushier." Can you provide more detail of what to pinch off, and how much to do so? It feels counterintuitive to remove new growth of a plant. Thanks! Lucy
<span>Venessa Marquis</span> Wed, 07/29/2020 - 12:54
I started a bunch of marigolds indoors this spring. They've been decimated and skeltonized. Haven't seen the culprit but I'm having problems w/ oriental beetles and slugs here in CT! What can I do?
<span>Liz</span> Sat, 06/27/2020 - 11:43
Are there any marigold's that don't have that distinctive smell? Neither my mother nor my mother-in-law liked marigolds for that reason.
<a title="View user profile." href="/author/editors">The Editors</a> Fri, 07/31/2020 - 09:44

The scent of marigold leaves often deters garden pests, which is why these flowers are often recommended as veg garden companions. We've looked around and can not confirm the existence of any scentless varieties, but there are some with different scents:

• Tangerine Scented Marigold (Tagetes lemonii): The leaves of this southwest native are strongly scented of lemon and mint. Grows 3 feet tall.

• Spanish Tarragon (Tagetes lucida): This anise-flavored marigold blooms in fall with many small, simple flowers. Grows 3 feet tall.

• Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis; notice this is a different genus): Pot marigold is not a true marigold. This cool-season annual is grown for its bright yellow and orange flowers, some of which are edible.

BTW, because the scent is primarily if not entirely in the foliage, you can remove the leaves and breathe easy. We hope this helps!

 <span>Claude S Wilson</span> Thu, 08/22/2019 - 15:36
I have moved from am apartment where i grew marigolds in clay pots and had a lot of blooms. I moved to a home with a deck and the marigolds seeds I planted gave stems and leaves but no blooms. I cannot understand what is happening, what I am doing wrong. I never had such a problem before.
<span>Paul Caton</span> Fri, 09/13/2019 - 21:21
You might check and see that they are getting adequate sunlight. The other thing is to try watering with a high phosphorus fertilizer (middle number higher than the others.) Scotts makes a fertilizer with the middle number in the 50's and Vigoro also makes a "blooming" fertilizer that might help with the bloom situation. Good luck.