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Ponytail Palm Care Guide: How to Grow This Easy, Long-Lived Houseplant

Poneytail palm indoors by a window. The Beaucarnea Recurvata, also known as Ponytail Palm, or Nolina is a houseplant with a swollen thick brown stem and the long narrow curly, green leaves flow up from this base.
Image Credit:
Renata.Ka/Shutterstock
Botanical Name
Beaucarnea recurvata
Sun Exposure
Full Sun
Partial Sun
Soil pH
Neutral
Flower Color
White
Yellow
Plant Type
Houseplants
Written By: Catherine Boeckmann Executive Digital Editor and Master Gardener

Ponytail palms, or elephant foot palms, are unique-looking, long-lived indoor plants that thrive on benign neglect. They are straightforward to grow—provided that you don’t overwater them! Here’s how to grow and care for a ponytail palm in your home.

About Ponytail Palms

Despite its name and palm-like appearance, the ponytail palm is not a true palm. In fact, it is more closely related to desert plants in the Agave and Yucca genera (such as Joshua trees).

The typical ponytail palm consists of a large, domed stump, which tapers off into a thinner stem. As the plant ages, one or more rosettes of long, green, leathery leaves develop from the top of the stem. Indoors, the leaves can reach up to 3 feet long, but outdoors, they may be double that length.

In its native environment of eastern Mexico, the plant can reach up to 30 feet in height. However, ponytail palms grown in gardens as landscape plants typically don’t reach more than 10 feet tall. 

Kept indoors, they are rarely taller than 4 feet. However, as Susan Mahr of the University of Wisconsin-Madison explains, “In containers, ponytail palms will grow slower than if in the ground, and the plants will remain small if kept in a small pot. They can go for many years before needing to be repotted. Moving your ponytail palm to a larger pot will give it room to grow in both height and girth. They can be very long-lived and can easily outlive their owners. However, older plants may be difficult to manage because of sheer size and weight if not kept on the smaller size.”

Care of this plant is simple; the most common difficulty is adapting your watering habits to its needs.

Planting

Choosing a Growing Medium and a Pot

  • Use a fast-draining potting mix, such as one for cactuses and succulents. If you already have potting mix, sand, and perlite on hand, you can create your own desert mixture using equal amounts of each
  • Select a pot with a hole in the bottom so that excess water can be drained off. Ponytail palms do not like to sit in moisture for long.
  • Use a clay pot if possible; the porous material will absorb some of the water, drying out the growing medium more quickly (a good thing for cactuses and succulents).

Growing

How to Care for Ponytail Palms

  • Ponytail palms prefer bright indirect light.
  • Keep growing medium fairly dry. Water from spring through fall, allowing the top inch or two to dry out completely before rewatering. During the winter, water only occasionally.
  • To water, soak the potting mix and allow the excess water to drain through the bottom of the pot into a dish. Let the pot sit in the dish for several minutes, then dump out any remaining water in the dish.
  • Fertilize in the spring with a cactus/succulent fertilizer and bring into a brighter room for the summer months.
  • Average room temperature is acceptable for most of the year, but to replicate the natural dormancy cycle, keep the plant slightly cooler in the winter (50°–55°F / 10°–13°C).
  • Don’t let the plant sit too close to cold windows at night during winter, as freezing temperatures can severely damage it.

Repotting a Ponytail Palm

  • Ponytail palms will remain small if kept in a small pot. They can go for many years before needing to be repotted. Repotting every other year at the most is all a ponytail palm needs.
  • Moving the plant to a larger pot will allow it to grow in height and girth. However, older plants may become challenging to manage due to their sheer size and weight if they are not kept at a smaller size.
  • When selecting a new pot, pick one large enough to leave about an inch or so of space between the ponytail palm’s trunk and the pot’s rim.
  • Note: Use caution when handling a ponytail palm, as its leaves have tiny serrated edges.

Harvesting

Propagation

  • Rarely, a ponytail palm may produce an offset—a tiny baby plant that stems from the base of the adult plant. These can be cut off at the base when they reach at least 4 inches in height and planted in a succulent potting mix. Before planting, allow the cut wound to heal, then apply some rooting hormone (available online and in nurseries) to encourage the offset to root. 

Pests and Problems

  • Overwatering can result in stem rot. If you withhold watering, the plant may be able to internally remedy the problem. Signs of stem rot include yellowing leaves and a caudex (the plant’s base and stem) that is soft or squishy.
  • Spider mites and scale insects may find their way to the leaves, but can be dealt with by rubbing a cloth of dish soap and water on the stems. Spider mites are evidenced by the presence of spider-like webbing on the plant.
  • Brown tips on leaves can be a sign of overfertilizing or underwatering, so adjust your practices appropriately. They can also indicate that the plant is getting too much direct light and not enough water.

Wit and Wisdom

  • The plant’s unusual shape and coloration have granted it another strange nickname—elephant’s foot palm.
  • Are ponytail palms poisonous to cats? While the leaves of a ponytail palm are not toxic to feline (or canine) companions, their foliage does have abrasive edges that could irritate a pet’s mouth, so we suggest keeping the plant out of reach. 

Houseplant Guides

About The Author

Catherine Boeckmann

Catherine Boeckmann

Executive Digital Editor and Master Gardener

Catherine Boeckmann loves nature, stargazing, and gardening so it’s not surprising that she and The Old Farmer’s Almanac found each other. She leads digital content for the Almanac website, and is also a certified master gardener in the state of Indiana.

Read more from Catherine Boeckmann

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Comments

<span>Rocky Hoffman</span> Mon, 11/10/2014 - 16:59
If the pot is full of root it needs a bigger pot and it will get bigger. That's with any plant that out grows the pot. It has no room left for it to grow. A few mouths ago I bought a pony tail and from that one plant I have four more in different pots from the one plant and they are growing really fast.
<span>Brian Seibert</span> Mon, 10/20/2014 - 19:50
To get the Ponytail Palm to grow bigger you must repot it to at least a 5 to 8 gallon bucket.
<a title="View user profile." href="/author/editors">The Editors</a> Mon, 09/15/2014 - 14:28

Hi Melinda,

If you want a bigger ponytail palm you need to repot it in a bigger container so that the roots will have space to grow. It is recommended to repot the plant every year if you want it to grow taller and bigger.

 <span>Tiffany M</span> Wed, 12/10/2014 - 14:56
I like the size of my palm and would like to keep it that way. Would it be okay to just prune the roots and repot it back into the same sized pot?
<span>Noemi</span> Fri, 09/12/2014 - 15:42
Hi, I have had my ponytail palm for a few months now and the new growth doesn't seem to want to separate....the new shoots grow out but for some reason are all stuck together in the middle of some of the shoots. They look like a bunch of separate long leaves that come back together near the tip and then open up again...I don't know how to separate them without tearing the leaves, but they seem to be dying inside of the clumped part....Is there something specific I am doing incorrectly? It doesn't seem under- or over-watered and gets a lot of sun... Thank you.
<span>Tiffany M</span> Wed, 12/10/2014 - 14:57
I have one that is doing that too! I would love to know an answer to your question.
<span>Gay Lawson</span> Wed, 08/27/2014 - 01:52
Hi , I just bought 3 elephant foot palms from IKEA in other clearance section. They intrigued me and I had to have them. I have never owned one before so these posts are very helpful. They look healthy except one of them has what looks like tightly bent and curling leaves. What is wrong with it? Also, if I repot them in a slightly bigger pot than they need, will that hurt them? And lastly, I intend to put them in our weekend home which when we are not there gets pretty warm during the week. Will higher heat hurt them? I am talking up to 90° in the house.
<span>Avas Grammy</span> Sun, 08/24/2014 - 14:58
I purchased a ponytail palm about 5 weeks ago. It was full with long beautiful narrow leaves. It has a large base..no roots growing outside. It has a few brown leaves at bottom...I just cut them off...no problem. When we got home today, the limbs were just limping almost pulled away. At that point I could see that it appears to have had the top cut off....no growth at the end...just flat area where it was obviously cut off at that point. It has one segment and it is leaning as if being a part of what was! I have tied up the all the leaves. What could have happened and could it have been that someone just cut off the top of the plant and the growth from the side became too heavy? What should I do now? I have never seen a plant where it appears to have collapsed. Thanks.
<span>Alicia Mceachron</span> Thu, 08/21/2014 - 21:44
I have two mini pony tails I rescued from being possibly tossed at a florists I occasionally work for. One has nice long leaves, the other only has about 1/4 inch. In the 6 months ive had them ive seen no new growth, but they dont neccissarily look dead, wilted, or brown at all. They get great sun, and from reading above need new soil. Is there anything I can do to stimulate new growt, or did my attempted rescue come too late?
<span>Mary Keele</span> Sun, 08/17/2014 - 16:48
I have a beautiful double pony but have just bought a new one. How much of the base should be above the soil? The new one is far more exposed (maybe 6 inches) Is that a problem or should more of the base be imersed in dirt? thanking you in advance for a reply.