“Leaves of three, let it be!” “Hairy vine, no friend of mine!” Learn how to spot poison oak, tell the difference between poison oak and poison ivy, and treat a poison oak rash.
What is the Difference Between Poison Oak and Poison Ivy?
Poison oak is a relative of poison ivy. There are many similarities:
- Both plants contain the same toxic resin, urushiol in all parts of the plant (toxic to humans but harmless to animals).
- Both plants have three leaflets, white flowers in spring, and can grow as a vine or a shrub.
- Leaflets can range in size from the length of your thumb to the length of your hand.
- Middle leaflet has a notably longer stem than the two side leaflets, though more obvious in poison ivy than poison oak.
- Depending on the season, leaf color can range from green to orange and even a dark purplish-red.
But they are indeed different plants. In North America, there are two species of poison oak: Atlantic (Eastern) and Pacific (Western).
Poison ivy (left) vs. poison oak (right)
How to Identify Poison Oak
- Poison oak is a low-growing, upright shrub. It can grow to be about 3 feet tall, sometimes giving it the appearance of a vine.
- Leaf shape resembles an oak leaf (hence the name, poison oak), but it’s not a member of the oak family.
- Leaflets are duller green than poison ivy and usually more distinctly lobed or toothed.
- Leaflets have hairs on both sides, unlike poison ivy.
- Poison oak tends to grow at elevations between sea level and 5,000 feet.
- While the fruit of poison ivy is the color of pearls, poison oak fruit (called “drupes”) has a tan color.
At the end of the day, just remember: Leaves of three, let it be. In other words, if you see a plant with clusters of three leaves, don’t touch it!
Left: Poison Oak can be red in the fall, and its berries are tan when mature. Right: Poison Oak leaflets showing coloration.
Poison Oak Symptoms
Symptoms of poison oak include itchy red rashes that can resemble burns, swelling, and even blistering.
Symptoms can take 24-48 hours or even up to a week to show up, particularly if its your first exposure!
Poison oak, like poison ivy, contains urushiol. This oily substance is what causes a poison oak rash, and it can be almost impossible to avoid. Upon contact with your body, urushiol immediately forms a chemical bond to the skin and causes an almost unstoppable allergic reaction. Urushiol will stay on clothes, pets, or other materials for months, and its potency lasts. This means that you could even get poison oak without going anywhere near it.
The urushiol resin can cause harsher reactions for those who have been exposed to it before. Sensitivity to urushiol might decrease if you do not come into contact with it until later in life. Only about 15 percent of people are resistant to urushiol, so don’t feel safe around poison oak unless you are absolutely sure you are resistant. You also may become sensitive with repeated exposure, so your resistance might be short-lived.
Danger: Smoke inhalation from burning poison oak can send you straight to the emergency room. Avoid burning this plant (and poison ivy)!
Poison Oak Treatment
Your best chance at avoiding a reaction is to treat poison oak within 10 minutes of contact.
Urushiol is not water-soluble! Use strong soaps (like dish soap) and wash with cold water to keep the oils from spreading. Cleanse the area of contact within the first ten minutes, then rinse off with cold water. As urushiol can remain active for years, you’ll want to wash any clothes, items, or furniture that may have come into contact with the invisible oily residue.
If you don’t catch the exposure immediately, treat the resulting itchy rash and blisters topically with calamine lotion, baking soda pastes, aloe vera, and a number of commercial products. If you don’t mind mixing breakfast and skin care, one tried-and-true remedy for itchy skin is oatmeal. Since poison oak rash is the same as the poison ivy rash, see more remedies on our poison ivy page. If poison oak is extremely serious, speak to your doctor about a prescription.
Of course, the best remedy is always prevention; study our photos so you can recognize poison oak.
Have you ever had a run-in with poison oak? Tell us about it in the comments below!
Reader Comments
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poison oak nightmare during a pandemic
About 10 months ago got poison oak somehow walking around the woods I guess and I still have it it's January are you into the ER and they said nothing poison oak is nasty and it doesn't go away like ever and it reoccurs like every 3 weeks in the same spots that you've had it the whole time
Hedge
Cut my parents long and tall hedge years ago and was laid up for a week. Had to get a shot and was the most uncomfortable i've ever been. Be careful out there...
If you keep cutting areas with poison ivy or oak it will eventually die back.
Poison oak
Outside installing new license plates. Laid screw drivers on top of small poison oak plant unaware. Sweating from heat kept adjusting my glasses. I got an outbreak at the bridge of my nose. When I picked up tools realized it was po immediately showered with alot of soap. Didnt think about the nose area. Bingo..broke out at bridge of my nose. Broke out 4 days later
contact with it as a kid
Got it as a kid playing in the a forest with my friends. We got rid of it by rubbing the bottom of a fern bush leaf, and cold water on the infected area(I think thats what its called). The yellow spore/circles under them would come off on the skin and wash away into the river. The rash didnt go away but the irritation and pain did. It also stopped spreading. This happened quite often so it was cool that we could just keep playing.
Poison Ivy Salve
I make a salve with jewel weed, olive oil, vitamin E and beeswax. I don't have exact measurements; I cook the same was as did my mom.
I use a crock pot and put as much jewel weed that will fit in it. I cover it with olive oil and use the warm setting for at least 24 hours. If it boils it will burn the jewel weed and it won't be any good. I take the jewel weed out and strain it through cheese cloth. I put in more jewel weed and heat it for another 24 hours. This makes the oil stronger. I strain this as well and now I have jewel weed oil to make into a salve.
In a double boiler (I use a pot or pan) with boiling water and a glass bowl I put in about a cup of jewel weed oil and about a ounce of bees wax. (More bees wax if you want a harder salve.) Heat until bees wax is melted. If you want to add anything else this is when you do it. I sometimes add calendula oil as it soothes the skin and can help heal poison ivy as well. After it cools a bit this is when I add the vitamin E oil.
Pour into glass jars or medal tins and let solidify. Keep in the refrigerator as the only preservative it has is vitamin E and the cold salve feels really good on the skin.
Exposure to poison oak (extreme)
Two days after mowing around oak tree's in Texas ,I woke up and my eyes were swollen up so bad I could not even drive: couldn't breath right,it felt like a bad sunburn , red rash all over my neck and face. I was awful!!! Ambulance carried me to the hospital quickly. Now I have got two kinds of steroids to take and antihistamine . Its been two weeks and my skin is still not healed. Also it makes your skin peel like a bad sunburn, even in my scalp....GROSS!!!
Stay away from this stuff!!! I've tried aloe and calamine lotion ,but it didn't seem to work only the prescriptions seem to be helping. HELP!!!
Poison Oak Treatment
Sorry to hear you have a ba case.
You can check on WebMD and other web sites for over the counter treatments.
I'm dealing with a mild case of poison oak now for about 1 week. I seem to be under control
using over the counter Benedryl lotion and Tecnu scrub.
In the past, I needed to get a Steroid Shot to break the spread as it got into my bloodstream and would spread for over a month.
Do not take hot baths or showers, only cold to help prevent blistering. Try not to scratch the rash.
For the garden, Herbicides that are effective for killing poison oak include glyphosate (e.g., Roundup brand) and triclopyr (e.g., Ortho brand). You can apply herbicide to the stumps of cut plants or to the foliage of uncut plants, but both must be done while the plant is actively growing.
You physically removed the plants too. Whatever you do, Do NOT burn the leaves or branches. If you were to breath in the smoke, it would be time for the emergency room.
Poison oak
Hello, my name is Erin. I have never came in contact with this til just the other day in my front yard. It has been 4 days now and i've been having severe itching and redness as well as blisters. I need help to knowing how to get rid of it fast.
Poison Ivy and Oak and what of Ground Elder?
Ground Elder is a very tricky plant, scary in a way, it looks like Poison Ivy or Oak but is not poisonous. It is a ground vine originating from Europe.
Any suggestions anyone?
I have a nice "healthy patch" of poison ivy growing amongst my periwinkle plant bed and just wondered, any suggestions on how to kill the stuff? I just look at it and it makes me itch....well not really but it seems to be taking over the ground cover which once was nice and beautiful in the spring. Not any more. Any suggestions would be helpful...
Natural, no herbicide remedy to kill poison oak/ivy
How To Get Rid Of Poison Ivy Plants With Vinegar, Salt and Dish Soap
You can make a powerful homemade herbicide using a gallon of white vinegar, a cup of table salt (not Epsom salt) and a tablespoonful of dish soap.
Apply this mixture in the same way you would apply a commercial herbicide or bleach, except you wouldn‘t have to wear a hazmat suit! (You will want to wear long sleeves, pants, and solid shoes or boots to prevent contact with poisonous plants.)
Remember, if you plan to plant anything in the place of the poison plants, your application of table salt to the soil may prove problematic. Table salt will leach the soil of its nutrients. The soil will need amendments or you can simply establish a raised bed garden over it.
Many people have had success with this; however, it can take quite a few applications. If you plan to till the soil after the poison ivy has died, be very careful. The roots (even dead ones) contain active urushiol for up to five years.
Poison oak treatment
I got into poison oak two times as a child. It is true that you become more susceptible. The last time I had it I was about 33. I had just left for a short vacation with my husband and Friends, but I was suffering. It started on my upper arm as a tiny blister. I put something (can't remember), on the small rash then wrapped it with an Ace bandage. In the morning my arm was extremely swollen. I thought I would have to go to the emergency room, but instead called my doctor at home. He said to take Benadryl internally as well as externally on the rash. This relieved the pain and itch but did not heal it. I suffered through the day and night, but the next day went into the cool pool. Instantly, the pain and itch disappeared. I could feel the poison leaving my bloodstream. Other places where the rash had sprung out immediately went down. All that was left was flattened patches where the rash had been. I do believe that hot water, such as hot shower exacerbates it. It feels good, as if you're scratching, and I tend to think it has the same effect. So for me, Coldwater, and possibly the chemicals in the swimming pool healed it.
Poison ivy and poison oak rash
When I was a kid I always got poison ivy really bad. My mom tried everything and nothing worked. My grandpa told my mom to make me a hot bath and put a cup of Purex bleach in it. Then I had to bathe in the water until it got cold. I'm now in my late 40's and to this day I have not had but 1 small patch. So if you go swimming in a pool and you have either poison ivy or poison oak the chlorine in the pool will help.
Remedies for poison oak & poison ivy
A local herbalist, who has passed on, used to make a salve of Spotted Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis) which was the greatest healing product ever for poison oak or poison ivy. My oldest son is quite skeptical of herbals but this one he has thanked me over and over again for giving him.
Unfortunately, I know of no one who makes it anymore or even has a recipe. I was so hoping your article would have the recipe. I was surprised that the plant was not even mentioned.
jewelweed and poison ivy/oak
I've heard that the stalks and leaves of jewelweed can be crushed and the "juice" rubbed on the skin for relief of poison ivy. Try it!
Poison Oak
My son decided to make a 'crown of thorns' from a poison oak stem a few years back. He wore it on his head all afternoon in the hot summer. My sister wore it on her head too. The next morning she woke up with a rash on her face and neck. My son woke up with his head swelled so much he couldn't get his glasses on. He was having difficulty breathing. After a visit to the ER and daily visits to the doctor for over a week, the swelling went down. It was life threatening. Please do not underestimate the power of poison oak.
I have found that you can treat the blisters from poison ivy, oak, and sumac with Listerine. The plain brown colored one. It works as an astringent and helps take the itch out and helps dry up the blisters. We use it for all bites and rashes.
Poison - whatever
I thank God that I've never had any reaction to either poison ivy, oak or anything else! My brothers used to get it and my mom would make them soak in the bathtub with something called Blue Boro. I'm not sure if it's still made or whoever made it, but back then it seemed to help them - along with being covered with Calamine lotion. I've also heard that Fel's Naptha soap and bleach have worked for some people... just sayin...
I first got poison ivy in my
I first got poison ivy in my 40s and needed steroids to recover. I always thought I was "immune". You can become sensitive to it anytime, so be careful.
urushiol rash cure that works for me
I recently discovered this treatment and it has worked for me the last three times I used it. Soon after I saw a rash developing from contact with poison ivy, I mixed some calcium hypochlorite powder with water to form a paste and coated the afflicted area. The rash almost immediately receded. Calcium hypochlorite powder is available in a small packet at pool/spa supply stores. It is also the active ingredient in liquid bleach. So (I haven't tried this) making a paste with bleach and some inert ingredient should work exactly the same. It out-gasses small amounts of chlorine which I suspect reacts with the urushiol molecule to render it harmless.
Some people get nightmares MUCH worse than rash...
A "buddy" delivered some trunk-wood to me, neglecting to mention he didn't use it himself because it had been covered in heavy poison-something (I believe sumac). On a nice warm day, I chainsawed it into blocks wearing shorts (never mind the chainsaw-safety issue there). For hours, the saw shredded the tiny remaining fragments of the poison-X, and sprayed urushiol chips on my shins. Two days later, a BAD rash erupted all over my shins - angry red and white stripes like I had been whipped, not little blisters. The third day, I woke up soaked in blood, my skin "smeared off" on the bedding, and went to ER stat. I'll save you the details of the next few weeks, but I lost ALL the skin on my legs while changing massive antibiotic wet bandages to avoid SERIOUS infections. The pain was orders of magnitude worse than the emergency abdominal surgery I had a decade before -- unimaginable searing-blowtorch-while-being-fed-to-a-lawnmower pain. Happily, I avoided the feared infections, but the skin on my shins will never look normal again having been functionally flayed alive. So, don't write off poison-X as an inconvenience -- some people react VIOLENTLY if exposed more than trivially.
Warning!
When burning brush or yard debris - please be aware that the smoke from poison oak or poison ivy, if breathed in, can cause serious lung irritation.
- Also, pets who have been playing outside can get urushiol on their fur. It won't affect the pet - but it can be transferred to you when you pet or rub the animal or they rub against you.
- The urushiol from dead poison ivy / oak plants and vines can remain potent for years.
- There is a good video on YouTube that many may find helpful - look for "How to never have a serious poison ivy rash again"
Burning poison ivy
I've heard that poison ivy smoke can cause you to choke and can be fatal.
Poison ivy or oak on equipment
Urushiol from poison ivy or oak will adhere to equipment as well. Years ago a buddy & I went rock climbing. Shirtless, we both slung coiled rope over our shoulders which unbeknownst to us had been previously in contact with PI or PO. Needless to say, we both had a nice striped rash across our chests, shoulders, and backs where the rope had rested. Don't forget to clean equipment as well after being in the woods (walking sticks, boots, etc).
Remedy
Tecnu!!!! Go to your local pharmacy and ask for Tecnu, works like a charm to wash it off if you think it’s gotten on you. I keep a bottle handy at my place and in my truck year round and it does work! Another tip I’ve found is to spray yourself with Cedarcide (it’s cedar oil) which keeps everything from ticks to spiders off you when you’re in the woods. Since cedar is another oil, it creates a barrier and prevents the ivy oil from absorbing into your skin and it’s a natural bug alternative to chemicals on your skin. Trust me, I’m highly allergic to the ivy and I live in bug-ville. Both items work.
Tecnu really works!
I've been a firm believer in Tecnu since stumbling upon it in a drugstore decades ago. I overnighted a bottle to my dad when he got into some poison ivy or oak. He had gone to his doctor and gotten a prescription cream to put on, but it wasn't helping. He performed an experiment, using the Tecnu on one side of his body and the prescription cream on the other. When he went back to the doctor, the Tecnu side was much improved and did not itch, while the prescription cream side still itched and had a bad rash. After showing the doctor his results, he switched to Tecnu exclusively and got rid of the rest of his rash. I keep a bottle next to my bathroom sink during the growing season and use it if I even think I might have come close to any poison ivy. It really does work.
Poison Oak treatment
I get poison oak and ivy but have found this to be an effective treatment if I miss a spot when washing up after exposure or didn't notice touching it.
Take a branch of manzanita (Arctostaphylos) (leave flowers berries and all). Cut it up so that it lays flat in a pan and cover it with water. Put it to simmer for half an hour. Let it cool and dab this liquid onto the rash several times a day until the rash is completely gone.
For me the itching goes away the first day and the rash is gone by the 2nd or 3rd day. Without this treatment the rash lasts 3 to 4 weeks.
Here's the deal, some people
Here's the deal, some people get a reaction to Poison Oak, some do not. I work on a trail crew in Northern California. Of the crew, 7 out of 8 of us get a reaction from the plant. We are in the woods every day and the 7 of us that get reactions (including myself) always have a small rash somewhere on our skin. Our bodies have not built an immunity after years of exposure. The best thing you can do is to not come in contact with the plant. If you do, think that it is like coming into contact with grease and how easily it can spread from your clothing to your skin. My most recent bad reaction was from a clean shirt that was in P.O. 2 months ago which I hesitantly thought was safe to wear. That's my 2 cents.
Poison Ivy & Poison Oak
When I was 12, both of my Grandfather's who were avid gardeners and outdoorsmen, told me that if I spent a lot of time in the woods I'd never have a reaction to poison ivy or poison oak because I'd build up an immunity to them.
They must have been right because I've spent a lot of time in the woods in a lot of different states since then, I've never had a reaction to either poison ivy or poison oak, and I'll be 65 later this month.
poison ivy
My mom grew up roaming in the hills of Tennessee and never had a reaction until she was over 60 years old. She came in contact with poison ivy while cleaning out a fence line around her house. Don't think you're immune to the stuff - allergic reactions could crop up at any time.
Poison Ivy
My mother, who was sorely afflicted with hay fever anyway, unwittingly ran through a patch of poison ivy when she was a teenager. She was on a track that had been cleared, several other kids ran the same track and had no adverse effects, my mother ended up in the hospital, with a tube in her airway to keep it from swelling completely shut. They said she must have breathed in some dust that had the urushiol in it. Her sensitivity to allergens (hay fever) just served to make it worse.
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