Planting
When to Plant Aloe Vera
You can plant aloe indoors at any time of the year—yep, they’re that easy! I find they settle in best when planted in spring, which is when they’re actively growing.
Where to Plant Aloe Vera
Sunlight: Place your potted aloe vera where it gets at least 4-6 hours of bright, indirect sunlight. A south- or east-facing windowsill that pets can’t reach is a great choice for indoor aloe vera plants.
If keeping your potted aloe plant outside, pick a sunny spot that gets some shade during the hottest part of the day, especially if you live in a hot climate.
Pot type: Use terracotta pots (the familiar reddish-brown clay kind) with holes in the bottom so extra water can escape.
Terracotta pots dry out faster than plastic ones, which can help prevent roots from staying too wet and rotting. They’re also heavy enough to keep plants from tipping over.
Pot size: Choose a pot that’s 1-2 inches wider across than the clump of roots and soil around your plant, called the root ball. Aloe plants don’t have extensive root systems, so they don’t need much room under the soil.
Small aloes grow well in pots measuring 4- to 6-inch across, though you may need to move them to larger pots as they grow. Learn more about when and how to repot aloes and other houseplants.
Potting mix: Use a potting mix labeled for succulents and cacti. These potting mixes are “well-draining,” meaning they’re designed to let water pass through fast so the roots don’t stay too wet.
You can also make your own aloe vera potting mix—just blend 2 parts standard potting mix, 1 part perlite or pumice, and 1 part grit or horticultural sand.
Did you know? If winters are mild where you live, you can plant aloes in a sunny spot in your garden. Just make sure it’s in a spot where the soil drains well.
How to Plant Aloe Vera
- Carefully remove the aloe plant from the pot it came in. Support the leaves with one hand to avoid accidentally breaking them. If the plant won’t come out easily, run a butter knife gently around the inside edge of the pot to loosen the soil.
- Add potting mix to the bottom of the new pot—several inches is usually a good starting point. Gently remove some of the old soil or potting mix from around the plant’s roots.
- Place the aloe in the new pot at about the same depth it was in its original pot. Add potting mix and gently press it down with your fingers, leaving about an inch below the rim for watering.
- Let the aloe plant settle in for several days before watering.
Harvesting
When to Harvest
- Harvest aloe gel when plants have had time to settle in, and the outer leaves are plump and healthy.
- I find that leaves have the most gel several days after watering!
How to Harvest
- Use a sharp, clean knife to cut an outer leaf off where it meets the stem. Avoid cutting the smaller leaves so that they can keep growing.
- Stand the leaf in a cup with the cut end facing down for about 15 minutes. This process allows some of the yellow sap, a natural latex, to drain out. That natural latex can irritate skin—the last thing anyone wants from aloe gel!
- Rinse and dry the leaf well afterward. Lay the leaf on a cutting board and use a sharp knife to trim away the thorny edges.
- Cut off the white base and pointed tip, leaving only the gel-filled section.
- Slice off the top and bottom green skin and lift it away, kind of like you’re filleting a fish. This exposes the gel. You can also use a spoon to scoop out the gel.
- Rinse the gel with clean water before using it on your skin.
Storage
- Store fresh aloe gel in an airtight container in the fridge—I find that it stays good that way for about 1 week.
- If you want your aloe gel to last longer, pop it into ice cube trays, freeze it, and store the frozen cubes in a freezer-proof container. I store mine this way for up to 6 months.
Did you know? You can use a blender to get your aloe gel extra smooth!
Credit: Valentyn Volkov
Pests and Problems
Even low-maintenance plants like aloe vera can have problems from time to time.
Here’s how to spot common problems, pests, and plant diseases that might affect your aloe plants, and what to do next.
| What You See | Likely Cause | What to Do |
| Brown, mushy leaves | Overwatering | Check that your pot has drainage holes. Let the soil dry before watering again, and avoid letting the plant sit in water. |
| Yellowing leaves | Overwatering or too much sun | If the leaves feel soft or mushy, overwatering is likely to blame. Allow soil to dry out more between waterings. Repot if the soil isn’t drying quickly. If the leaves feel firm, your plant may be getting too much sun. Move it to a spot with less intense sunlight. |
| Drooping leaves | Overwatering, underwatering, or too little light | Push a finger into the potting mix. If it feels damp, wait before watering again. If it’s dry and the leaves look thin or wrinkled, water thoroughly and let the extra water drain away. |
| Pests that look like cottony fluff in joints and crevices | Mealybugs | Wipe insects off with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol, or spray your plant with organic insecticidal soap or horticultural oil. |
| Pests that look like dark bumps on leaves | Scale insects | Wipe insects off with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol, or spray your plant with organic insecticidal soap or horticultural oil. Scale insects can be hard to treat, so reapply sprays if needed. |
| Mushy stems/roots, plant falling over | Root rot (from overwatering) | Let potting mix dry completely before watering. Repot your aloe in a new pot with better drainage holes if necessary. |
| Dark, sunken spots on leaves; wilting | Fungal stem rot (often from overwatering) | Prune away damaged leaves. Make sure the potting mix is draining properly. Let potting mix dry completely before watering. |
Credit: LuciaR
Types
There are over 500 distinct species of aloe plants, according to NC State Extension.
Don’t let that overwhelm you, though. Here are a few beginner-friendly varieties to try:
- Aloe vera: Upright green leaves that grow fast and are filled with soothing gel. It’s the classic “true aloe,” used as a folk remedy for many years.
- Tiger aloe (Gonialoe variegata): Smooth leaves and uneven white striping (hence the tiger name)! This aloe stays small and fits well on windowsills or in small spaces.
- Lace Aloe (Aristaloe aristata): White-spotted leaves that have fine “teeth” along the edges. May tolerate cooler weather better than other varieties.
- Blue Aloe (A. glauca): Gorgeous silvery-blue leaves—it really lives up to its name! Grows bigger than the other aloes listed here.
Credit: sakavichanka
Frequently Asked Questions
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When should I repot my aloe vera plant?
Repot aloe vera when its roots crowd the pot or grow through the drainage holes. Spring is a good time to repot aloe vera, when the plant is actively growing. Choose a slightly larger pot with drainage holes and use a potting mix intended for succulents and cacti.
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Does aloe vera flower?
Yes! Aloe plants can produce yellow or orange flowers once they’re a few years old. Aloe grown indoors might not bloom, so if you don’t see any flowers, it doesn’t necessarily mean your plant is unhealthy!
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Is aloe vera a succulent or a cactus?
Aloe vera is a succulent, but it is not a cactus. Its thick, fleshy leaves store water, which helps it tolerate dry conditions and explains why it needs less frequent watering than many other houseplants.
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Will my aloe vera grow new leaves after harvesting?
Yes, a healthy aloe vera plant can continue producing new leaves after you harvest an outer leaf. Just be sure to give the plant time to recover after each harvest.
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Can I grow aloe vera from a leaf cutting?
Separating pups—the small plants that grow beside the parent—is more reliable than trying to grow aloe vera from a leaf cutting. Choose a pup with its own roots, gently separate it from the parent, and plant it in a small pot with drainage holes and a potting mix intended for succulents and cacti.
Sources
- South Dakota State University Extension — Aloe Vera: Houseplant How-To
- NC State Extension — Aloe vera
Any type of growlight bulb should do the trick. If you have a lot of pots try an 4 foot long ordinary shoplight with growlight tubes or 1 cool white and 1 warm white bulb to imitate a full spectrum of light.
Hi, Abbie: This is almost always caused by too much water. Gently tie up the floppy leaves with a piece of panty hose or light string for now. Stop watering for three or four days and see if it begins to get stronger. If not, you will need to very carefully remove it from its pot, discard any rotting or unhealthy-looking roots, discard the present soil, clean the inside of the pot, and then repot with succulent (aka cactus) soil mix. Lightly water one time to begin. Then water only when the entire pot is close to dry. This should do it... thanks for asking!
Remove any dead or damaged leaves. Remove the pups as well, to help the mother plant focus on new leaves--you can replant the pups. What is left might be a top-heavy mother plant with a leggy stem. If so, wait a few weeks so that any cuts from removing leaves or pups have time to heal over. Then you can repot the plant in a slightly larger container, sinking the plant in the soil up to just under the first set of leaves. The leggy stem, now buried in the soil, may form roots (some species are more fussy). Be aware that it might take a few weeks to months for your plant to adjust. Also, there may be a risk of rotting if this is not done properly; be careful as to how often you water, and repot only when the plant is growing; not when it is dormant. Good luck!
A common cause of aloe leaf problems is overwatering--make sure that the soil is dry down to an inch below the surface before watering, usually once every week or two; in winter, even less. When you do water in summer, give it a good soaking each time, so that water drains out the bottom of the pot; be sure to let the soil dry out between waterings. Also check that there is a drainage hole at the bottom of the pot, and that it is not sitting in water. Be sure that the soil is a cactus mix or one that has plenty of sand for good drainage. It could be just that the plant is adjusting to its new space, and going through shock; if you think this might be the case, check all conditions (light, temperature, water, etc.) and adjust as best you can.
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