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How to Grow Figs: A Beginner’s Guide to Planting, Caring for, and Harvesting Fig Trees

fig fruit on a table, one cut open
Image Credit:
Katrin Shine
Botanical Name
Ficus carica
Grown as
Perennial
USDA Zones
8a
8b
9a
9b
10a
10b
11a
11b
Toxicity
Toxic to Dogs and Cats
Sun Exposure
Full Sun
Water Needs
Moderate
Height
10–20 feet
Spread
10-20 feet
Soil pH
Neutral
Alkaline
Bloom Time
Spring
Flower Color
White
Special Features
Container-Friendly
Low Maintenance
Attracts Pollinators
Attracts Songbirds
Resilience
Drought-Tolerant
Heat-Tolerant
Plant Type
Fruit
Written By: Catherine Boeckmann Executive Digital Editor and Master Gardener

Fig-get about fussy fruit trees—figs are surprisingly easy to grow! With their lush leaves and candy-sweet fruit, fig trees bring a taste of the tropics to your backyard, patio, or even sunny windowsill. 

Whether you’re in a warm zone or bracing for winter chills, we’ll show you how to grow this ancient superfruit right at home. Let’s get figgy with it!

Figs thrive in areas with long and hot summers (Zones 8 and warmer), though they can also be grown in colder zones if properly insulated from freezing temperatures or grown in containers and brought indoors.

The common fig tree (Ficus carica) is the most popular fig species for home gardeners because its flowers do not require pollination to yield figs. Many varieties of the common fig tree exist, including hardy cultivars that can be grown outdoors in slightly cooler climates (Zones 6 and 7).

Planting

Figs can be planted outdoors without much trouble in Zone 8 and warmer. In zones where winter temperatures get colder than 10°F (-12 °C) for periods of time, be sure to choose a hardy fig variety.

When to Plant Fig Trees

Plant fig trees outdoors in the early spring or late fall when they are dormant. Alternatively, figs can be grown in large containers and brought inside for the winter.

How to Plant Fig Trees

  • For container fig trees, grow them in a soil-based potting mix and add fine bark chips to improve drainage. Keep the tree in full sun in the summer. In the spring and summer, be sure to add a high-nitrogen fertilizer every 4 weeks and water the tree moderately. In the winter, move the tree indoors and keep the soil moist.
  • For outdoor fig trees, plant the tree in the spring or early fall in full sun. Fig trees can grow in most types of soil as long as the soil is well-draining and contains plenty of organic material. (Learn more about organic soil amendments.)
  • Space fig trees at least 20 feet away from buildings or other trees.
  • If given the chance, fig trees put down deep roots, so bear that in mind when choosing a planting spot.
  • To plant container-grown trees in the ground:
    1. Remove the plant from its pot and remove any circling roots by laying the root ball on its side and using shears to cut through the roots.
    2. Dig a hole that is a few inches deeper and wider than the spread of the roots. Set the tree on top of a small mound of soil in the middle of the hole. Be sure to spread the roots away from the trunk without excessively bending them.
    3. Plant the tree 2 to 4 inches deeper than it was originally in the pot (check the color of the trunk to see the original soil line).

Fig tree and fig fruit

Growing

Caring for Fig Trees

  • Water young fig trees regularly to help them become established. In areas with dry climates, water fig trees deeply at least once a week.
  • Unless grown in containers, most fig trees do not require regular fertilization. However, if your fig tree is not growing much (less than 12 inches in one growing season), you can add 1/2 to 1 pound of nitrogen supplement. Divide up the nitrogen into 3 to 4 feedings. Start applying the nitrogen in late winter and end in midsummer.
  • You can also apply a layer of mulch around the tree to help prevent weeds and keep moisture in the roots.
  • Fig trees require little pruning. During the dormant season, be sure to remove all dead, diseased, or weak branches to encourage growth.
  • If you have an abundant growth of figs, you can thin the fruit to encourage larger figs.
  • In colder regions, bring container-grown fig trees indoors for the winter. Keep the soil moist.
  • If your area experiences a particularly cold winter, fig trees planted outdoors may die back to the ground. If the tree is of a hardy variety, its belowground areas will likely be unaffected. Remove all dead wood while the tree is still dormant, and watch for new growth in the spring. 

Harvesting

Harvesting Figs

  • You should harvest figs only when they are fully ripe, as they will not continue to ripen off the tree. The figs should be fully colored and slightly soft to the touch.
  • You may need to invest in netting to protect your crop; figs are a favorite of birds and squirrels.
  • When picking figs, wear gloves or long sleeves because the sap from the fig tree can irritate your skin.
  • Figs are very perishable. Store figs in the refrigerator; they will keep for 2 to 3 days.
  • For long-term storage, you can freeze figs whole for later use. Another storage method is to dry the figs. You can also can your own figs.
how to harvest figs

Pests and Problems

  • Root-knot nematodes
  • Leaf spots
  • Rust
  • Thrips
  • Twig dieback

Types

  • ‘Brown Turkey’ produces abundant medium to large figs. This type works best in warm climates but is fairly tolerant of cooler temperatures, too.
  • ‘Celeste’ produces small, sweet, purplish figs. It is one of the more winter-hardy varieties.
  • ‘Hardy Chicago’ is a winter-hardy variety that produces purple, medium-size figs.
  • ‘King’ is well adapted for the cooler conditions found in the Northwest. It produces medium figs that are sweet and rich in flavor.
  • ‘Kadota’ vigorously produces small to medium fruit. Its figs are rich and sweet, and it is the most commonly canned fig.

Wit and Wisdom

  • A fig can be eaten fresh from the tree, dried, or used in cooking. A single fig is only 50 calories and provides higher mineral and fiber content than most fruits, nuts, or vegetables. 
  • Figs soak up cholesterol, promote healthy bowel movements, reduce heart disease, regulate kidney and liver functions, lower blood pressure, and even inhibit some cancers. Plus, figs are packed with calcium, which reduces the risk of developing osteoporosis. They also contain phosphorus, which helps bones regrow.
  • “You can’t grow figs from thistles.”

Fruit

About The Author

Catherine Boeckmann

Catherine Boeckmann

Executive Digital Editor and Master Gardener

Catherine Boeckmann loves nature, stargazing, and gardening so it’s not surprising that she and The Old Farmer’s Almanac found each other. She leads digital content for the Almanac website, and is also a certified master gardener in the state of Indiana.

Read more from Catherine Boeckmann

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Comments

<span>Mark Soltis</span> Sun, 10/16/2022 - 02:17
I was really hoping someone had answered your question because I have an unidentified fig bush myself. Well, it has a trunk like a small tree, that whines itself across the ground like a grape vine, and then blooms in what looks like a large bush. But I have no idea what type of fig tree/bush this may be. But you’re definitely not crazy, there is such a thing as a fig bush.
<span>Robert Glaze</span> Mon, 05/30/2022 - 21:51
Peggy, my research indicates the only difference between a fig tree and fig bush is that the tree is pruned to have a single main trunk as time goes by. The bush has more than one trunk as it is pruned differently. There may be other differences as well.
<span>Paula Broussard</span> Thu, 05/12/2022 - 21:18
I live in Louisville, I just bought a fig bush at Home Depot today!
<span>Chris</span> Sun, 02/06/2022 - 14:17
Can you keep a fig tree outside in a large pot? Or should it be in planted?
<a title="View user profile." href="/author/editors">The Editors</a> Tue, 02/08/2022 - 16:28

It really depends on the variety of fig and your climate. While there are a few fig varieties capable of surviving outdoors in colder areas, many people do keep them in containers—putting them outdoors for the summer and bringing them indoors for the winter. In warmer areas, most figs (if not all) can survive outdoors, either in a pot or in the ground. Planting them in the ground does give them more room to grow, but it is more permanent than growing in a pot.

 <span>George Virgilio</span> Tue, 08/17/2021 - 08:04
I was given a cutting with roots. After years of growth, I had to cut it back and was told I could root the cuttings by bruising the cut end cambium and planting in growing medium. I did it and every cutting rooted. When I tried to do it again, I had no luck. I believe because initially the pot I was rooting in was in an enclosed porch not outside, whereas the next time it was in the yard. I gave one of the rooted cuttings to a neighbor and when it came time to trim his, he offered me his cuttings. I decided not to try again so he stuck them in a pail of water in the fall and come spring they all threw roots. Since then I have always rooted cutting by placing them in water inside. I have two types-white and purple. The white is large and firm while the purple is small and soft when ripe. The purple is more prolific.
<span>Dona</span> Mon, 08/16/2021 - 13:52
We were given a brown fig as a house warming present. We are in zone 5b in NYS Hudson Valley. We moved it into a large pot with organic container type soil to fill in.This is it’s third year and no figs have ever formed. When it was very rainy earlier this summer we moved it into our little greenhouse and continue to water as needed.I’ve top dressed with mushroom compost a couple times/ season. It stays in the greenhouse over the winter . Any ideas why there are no figs forming yet?
<span>Teresa</span> Wed, 05/11/2022 - 07:13
It takes at least 5 years for a new fig tree to bear fruit. I'm on my 5th this year,so we shall see.
<span>Dori Khakpour</span> Mon, 08/16/2021 - 11:26
Figs need lots of calcium, using washed, dried and crushed organic egg shells has been the best way I've found to increase yield. I have a King Fig tree planted outdoors in zone 7 and the first several years it wouldn't bear fruit, once I learned about the need for calcium and started to save the eggshells all year, I have more figs than I know what to do with. Yearly addition of a bag of sand to keep the soil well drained has also supported the fruit yield.
<span>Mary</span> Sun, 04/10/2022 - 00:11
Hi Dori, Is your fig tree in the ground or a pot? I am trying to imagine how you add sand to the soil for better drainage. Thanks!