For daily wit & wisdom, get the Almanac newsletter.

How to Grow Pears: The Complete Guide

a pile of green pear fruits
Botanical Name
Pyrus
Grown as
Perennial
USDA Zones
3a
3b
4a
4b
5a
5b
6a
6b
7a
7b
8a
8b
9a
9b
10a
10b
Toxicity
Toxic to Dogs and Cats
Sun Exposure
Full Sun
Water Needs
Moderate
Height
10–20 feet
Spread
6-10 feet
Soil pH
Acidic
Neutral
Bloom Time
Summer
Fall
Flower Color
White
Special Features
Container-Friendly
Fall Color
Attracts Pollinators
Attracts Songbirds
Resilience
Cold Hardy
Heat-Tolerant
Plant Type
Fruit
Written By: Catherine Boeckmann Executive Digital Editor and Master Gardener

Biting into a juicy pear is one of life’s joys. Growing pears is generally easier than growing apples, as they have fewer pest and disease issues. They are easy to fit into small yard spaces, too! Learn more about planting pear trees in your backyard.

When growing pears, note that two cultivars are generally needed for successful pollination and fruit set. Most pear trees are not self-pollinating. You can also grow pears in containers—and plant them at any time of the year. Make sure you purchase pears specifically bred for containers.

Be aware that pears can take a few years or more to begin flowering and bear fruit. But once they start producing, pear trees are prolific and long-lasting!

There are many different types of pears; some are best eaten raw, and some are best for cooking. Learn more about pear varieties in this guide!

Planting

  • Plant pear trees in early spring. Order bare root plants in midwinter so that they arrive in time.
  • You’ll need full sun for the best fruit set, fertile, well-draining soil, and good air circulation.
  • If you live in the dry western regions, you should choose fire blight–resistant types and rootstocks.
  • Plan to plant at least two varieties of pear trees, as they will need to be cross-pollinated to produce fruit. Make sure the varieties are compatible with each other.
  • Space standard-size trees 20 to 25 feet apart. Space dwarf trees 12 to 15 feet apart.
  • For container-grown trees, remove the plant from its pot and remove any circling roots by laying the root ball on its side and using shears to cut through the roots.
  • For grafted trees, position the inside of the curve of the graft union away from the sun when planting.
  • Dig a hole that is a few inches deeper and wider than the spread of the roots. Set the tree on top of a small mound of soil in the middle of the hole. Be sure to spread the roots away from the trunk without excessively bending them. Do not add fertilizer or topsoil to the hole.

Check out our video to learn more about how to plant a bare–rooted fruit tree. 

Growing

  • Water the young trees well during dry spells to help establish the roots.
  • Apply a small amount of fertilizer early in the year. Add 1/8-pound of ammonium nitrate per tree multiplied by the number of years the tree has been set in moderately fertile soil. If you have highly fertile soil, use less fertilizer.
  • If the leaves are pale green or yellowish during the summer, use a little more fertilizer the following year.
  • If the tree grows more than 12 inches in one season, use less fertilizer the next year.
  • Be very careful when applying fertilizer! If you give your trees too much nitrogen, they will become more susceptible to fire blight and also may focus too much energy on producing foliage instead of flowers and fruit.

Pruning Pear Trees

  • Prune annually to keep the tree healthy. Generally, prune lightly to keep the trees looking their best and productive.
  • For dwarf trees, prune them to a central leader system.
  • Standard-size trees can be pruned to either a central leader system or a modified leader system, which is easier to maintain.
  • The central leader system features a central trunk with branches that spiral out every 5 to 8 inches, making sure that no branch is directly above another. The training for such a system begins in the early summer of the first year when you should remove any shoots that form within 18 inches of the ground. The end result should resemble a Christmas tree.
  • Use spreaders to help shape the branches of the trees. These help the branches to spread outward rather than upward. When the branches are small, you can use clothespins to push the branches away from the main trunk. For bigger branches, use wooden slats with a “V” shape notched into each end.
  • Remember to thin the fruit as well, leaving about 6 inches between each cluster of fruit per branch.
  • After your trees are established, water them regularly.

Harvesting

  • Harvest pears when they are mature but still hard. Ripen the pears at room temperature for the best quality fruits.
  • Mature pear trees produce a lot of fruit in a short window of time. Be prepared!
  • To store pears, pick them when they are fully grown but still very hard. You can keep them in the refrigerator; they should last for about 1 week. You can also keep them in containers in a cool (about 40°F), dark place; they should keep for 1 to 2 months.
  • You can also can the pears for longer storage.

Pests and Problems

Types

  • ‘Bartlett’, which is the standard choice for pear trees. This tree type is average-size and produces medium to large fruits. These pears ripen to a yellow color. However, this variety is very vulnerable to fire blight.
  • ‘Kieffer’, which is resistant to fire blight. This type produces medium fruit and can be used in canning.
  • ‘Anjou’, which produces light-green fruit with a sweet flavor. This type is a good choice for late-blooming pears. Good for canning and fresh use. This type can store for up to 6 months with little loss in quality.

Wit and Wisdom

Pick pears when the fruit has a faint yellow blush but is still green.

Drop peeled pears in cold, lightly salted water, and they won’t turn brown.

About The Author

Catherine Boeckmann

Catherine Boeckmann

Executive Digital Editor and Master Gardener

Catherine Boeckmann loves nature, stargazing, and gardening so it’s not surprising that she and The Old Farmer’s Almanac found each other. She leads digital content for the Almanac website, and is also a certified master gardener in the state of Indiana.

Read more from Catherine Boeckmann

More Like This

Comments

<span>Lori</span> Sat, 08/27/2016 - 09:45
My Dad has a pear tree in Texas and the fruit is big but is hard as a rock and remains that way even when they fall off, they never get ripe and just stay hard, he has ajoid pears or what ever they call it , it's a French name. anyway the pears stay as hard as a rock and do not ripen, my pears are doing the same thing on my tree but mine have little yellow pears on it and they fall to the ground and are hard as a rock as well, why is this?
<a title="View user profile." href="/author/editors">The Editors</a> Mon, 08/29/2016 - 12:03

Hi Lori,

Most pears, unlike apples, do not ripen on the tree. If they are left on the tree for too long, they become mealy and tough. They should be picked when still slightly immature. They then need to undergo and cooling process (for Anjou, it should take 2 to 6 weeks). Next they should undergo a ripening period at 65 to 70 degrees F for 7 to 10 days. They can then be put into brown paper bags with bananas to speed up the ripening process, which relies on the release of ethylene gas. Pears are ripe when the skins yield to gentle pressure. Hope that helps!

 <span>Yvonne James</span> Sun, 08/21/2016 - 20:26
I ate a barlett pear today and it didn't have any seeds in it. How is that possible?
<a title="View user profile." href="/author/editors">The Editors</a> Tue, 08/23/2016 - 12:14

Hi, Yvonne: With pears, you never know what you're going to get, do you? If this was a true Bartlett pear, perhaps this resulted from some hybridization or mutation, or even from a late-summer flower that didn't get pollinated. The key is pollination. There are also pears, such as 'Novembra', that do not need pollination and thus do not have seeds. Perhaps you had one of these or a similar. Thanks for asking!

 <span>Brendan Perry</span> Fri, 08/12/2016 - 19:31
My friend and I have had this argument for about 3 years: Do pears grow from trees or the ground? We would appreciate it if you answered this question for us. Thanks
<a title="View user profile." href="/author/editors">The Editors</a> Mon, 08/15/2016 - 11:29

Hi Brendan, Pears grow on trees! We're glad we could end the debate.

 <span>Anthony</span> Thu, 07/28/2016 - 10:47
Hi, I planted a pear tree around mid-April of this year. It was growing well, until a month ago. The leaves started getting black spots, and after a few days the leaves started turning yellow, they started all around the edge of the leaves and in the middle, then the leaves turn completely yellow and later brown. The leaves easily come off the tree. Around a week ago I sprayed Spectracide Immunox Multipurpose fungicide, but it doesn't seem to do anything. Any advice?
<a title="View user profile." href="/author/editors">The Editors</a> Thu, 07/28/2016 - 16:26

Hi Anthony,

That sounds like pear scab. First, bear in mind it isn't a good ide to spray fungicides without knowing the target, as timing is everything and is dependent on the life cycle of the disease or pest. With pear scab, fungicides are applied before the tree even foliates, as a preventative measure. So it's too late now that your tree is infested. Go ahead get rid of all of the infected leaves (from the tree and soil). Sanitation is key. Continue to keep the tree as free of diseased leaves as possible. You can do a bit of pruning if the tree is crowded to increase air circulation and sun exposure (fungi thrives in moist conditions). Keep the leaves as dry as possible by watering the root zone (versus overhead). Keeping this first breakout under control will help to lessen the severity of a secondary infection.

 <span>Stephanie</span> Sat, 07/23/2016 - 15:42
Our trees are 4 years old and have always produced very small pears. This year we have more pears than we have had before but they are still very small. What can we do to increase the size of the fruit?
<a title="View user profile." href="/author/editors">The Editors</a> Mon, 07/25/2016 - 10:52

Hi, Stephanie: Please see the reply to Dianne below on Feb. 19, which includes: "To get bigger pears you need to thin the fruit when it first appears. Leave about 6 inches between the remaining pears." Thanks for asking, and good luck!