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Planting and Growing Lilac Bushes

purple Yankee Doodle Lilac flowers

Huge blooms, wonderful scent.

Image Credit:
Wally Patrick
Botanical Name
Syringa spp.
Grown as
Perennial
USDA Zones
3a
3b
4a
4b
5a
5b
6a
6b
7b
Toxicity
Non-toxic
Sun Exposure
Full Sun
Partial Sun
Water Needs
Moderate
Height
6-10 feet
Spread
6-10 feet
Soil pH
Neutral
Bloom Time
Spring
Summer
Flower Color
Blue
Pink
Purple
Red
White
Yellow
Special Features
Container-Friendly
Cut Flower
Fragrant
Attracts Butterflies
Attracts Hummingbirds
Attracts Pollinators
Deer-resistant
Rabbit-resistant
Resilience
Cold Hardy
Drought-Tolerant
Plant Type
Shrubs and Bushes
Written By: Catherine Boeckmann Executive Digital Editor and Master Gardener

Lilacs truly smell like spring! Lilacs are among the most carefree spring-flowering shrubs and provide a sweet, haunting fragrance, too! Learn how to plant, grow, and prune your lilacs.

Lilacs, said to symbolize the joy of youth and associated with spring’s awakening, are hardy, easy to grow, and low-maintenance. Although they can reach heights of 5 to 15 feet (or more), depending on the variety, the ideal lilac shrub produces flowers at eye level—all the better for enjoying their sweet fragrance.

The common lilac, Syringa vulgaris, is well loved for its toughness, reliability, and fragrance. In fact, lilacs are so tough that they can grow for 100+ years, often outliving the homes they were planted around. The fragrant flowers are good for cutting and are attractive to butterflies.

While the blooms are usually lilac/purple in color (from very pale to very dark), there are also lilac varieties in white and cream and even pink and yellow. Individual flowers can be single or double.

In northern states, lilacs bloom for about 2 weeks from mid- to late spring. However, there are early-, mid-, and late-season lilacs, which, when grown together, ensure a steady bloom for at least 6 weeks.

Planting

When to Plant Lilacs

  • Like most shrubs, lilacs can be planted in either spring or fall, although the latter is preferred.

Where to Plant Lilacs

Lilacs thrive in fertile, humus-rich, well-draining, neutral to alkaline soil (at a pH near 7.0). If your soil is in poor condition, mix in compost to enrich it. (Learn more about soil amendments and preparing the soil for planting.) Choose or prepare a site that drains well. Poor drainage or pooling water can cause “wet feet,” potentially leading to root rot, stunted growth, and/or failure to flower. Test soil drainage by digging a hole 8 inches in diameter and 12 inches deep. Fill it with water; if it does not drain within an hour, choose another spot.

For the best blooms, lilacs should be planted in full sun, which is defined as at least 6 hours of sunlight each day. Given less, they will not flower as well. 

How to Plant Lilacs

  • If you’re lucky, a friend will give you a sucker, or offshoot, of the root system of one of their plants. The sucker will look pathetic at first, but dig a hole, backfill it with soil, and stick the sucker in. Then, water and wait. In 4 or 5 years, you’ll be rewarded with huge, fragrant blossoms.
  • Transplanting nursery-bought lilacs is also easy. If it’s container-grown, spread out the roots as you settle the plant into the ground; if it’s balled or burlapped, gently remove the covering and any rope before planting. Set the plant 2 or 3 inches deeper than it grew in the nursery and work topsoil in around the roots—then water in. Then, fill in the hole with more topsoil.
  • Space multiple lilac bushes 5 to 15 feet apart, depending on the variety.

Growing

  • Each spring, apply a layer of compost under the plant, followed by mulch to retain moisture and control weeds.
  • Water during the summer if rainfall is less than 1 inch per week.
  • Lilacs won’t bloom if they’re overfertilized. They can handle a handful of 10-10-10 in late winter, but no more.
  • After your lilac bush has finished blooming, spread some lime and well-rotted manure around the base. Trim the bush to shape it and remove suckers at the same time.

How to Prune Lilacs

  • Lilacs bloom on old wood, so it’s critical to prune in the spring right after they bloom. If you prune later in the summer, you may be removing the wood. Note: If your lilac flower clusters are getting smaller over a few years, it’s time to prune!
  • Every year after bloom, remove any dead wood. Prune out the oldest canes (down to the ground). Remove the small suckers. Cut back weak branches to a strong shoot. Cut back tall canes to eye height.
  • The ideal lilac shrub has about 10 canes. If your lilac is old and in really bad shape, remove one-third of the oldest canes (down to the ground) in year 1, half of the remaining old wood in year 2, and the rest of the old wood in year 3. Another option for old lilacs is to chop the whole thing back to about 6 or 8 inches high. It sounds drastic, but lilacs are very hardy. The downside to this option is that it takes a few years to grow back. The upside is less work and more reward, as the lilac will grow back, bursting with blooms.
  • It must be recognized that severe pruning results in the loss of blooms for 1 to 3 years. For these reasons, a wise pruning program aims to avoid severe and drastic cuts by giving the bushes annual attention.
  • Good Sucker Sense: Gertrude Jekyll, the 19th-century no-nonsense English horticulturist (1843–1932), advocated a strenuous exercise: “When taking away suckers … it is better to tear them out than to cut them off. A cut, however close, leaves a base from which they may always spring again, but if pulled or wrenched out, they bring away with them the swollen base.”

Pests and Problems

  • Prone to attack by slugs and snails.
  • Powdery white mildew may appear after a summer of hot, humid weather. It may be unsightly, but it does no harm. Ignore it.

Types

For early flowers, try Syringa x hyacinthiflora hybrids; they bloom 7 to 10 days before S. vulgaris. Its fragrant blooms attract butterflies and hummingbirds.

The most common and fragrant lilacs are of the S. vulgaris variety:

  • Try ‘Charles Joly’, a double magenta flower, an early bloomer.
  • Mid-season lilacs include ‘Monge’, a dark reddish purple, and ‘Firmament’, a fine blue.
  • Late-season beauties include ‘Miss Canada’, a reddish-pink, and ‘Donald Wyman’, a pink-purple flower.

Uncommon types/varieties include … 

  • S. x ‘Penda’ Bloomerang Purple: flowers in spring, pauses, then flowers again from midsummer through fall.
  • Although common lilacs love cold weather, a few thrive as far south as Zone 8, including cutleaf hybrid S. x laciniata, with fragrant, pale lavender flowers, and S. pubescens ssp. patula ‘Miss Kim,’ with pale, lilac-blue blooms that fade to white.

Small Lilacs
For gardeners, especially those in urban spaces, who just don’t have the room for the traditional larger lilac, there are compact varieties! They’ll even grow in a container on your patio or balcony.

  • ‘Baby Kim’ grows only 2 to 3 feet high (and 3 feet wide) in a nicely rounded shape with purple flowers that attract butterflies. Extended hardiness from Zones 3 to 8.
  • ‘Little Lady’ (S. x) is a compact lilac that matures to 4 to 5 feet tall and wide with dark pink buds that open to lilac-pink flowers. Hardy in Zones 2 to 7.
  • ‘New Age Lavender’ and ‘New Age White’ (S. vulgaris) are super-compact, growing from 4 to 5 feet tall and wide, and bred for mildew resistance. Their fragrant flowers attract butterflies and hummingbirds. Hardy to Zone 4.

See more lilac varieties!

Wit and Wisdom

  • To improve the flowering of lilacs, keep the grass from growing around them. A 16- to 24-inch circle of landscape cloth placed around the bushes and covered with bark or stone will keep the grass down.
  • Force a winter bouquet from cut branches of lilac. Bruise the cut ends and set them in water. Spray the branches frequently. Keep them in a cool place until they bloom, then move to a warmer area for display.
  • Poet Walt Whitman thought of lilacs when Abraham Lincoln died: 
    ”When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom’d … I mourn’d, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring.”
  • Lilacs supposedly symbolize the joy of youth. Learn about more flower symbolism here.
  • The lilac belongs to the olive family, Oleaceae.
  • Lilacs are the state flower of New Hampshire.

Shrubs and Trees

About The Author

Catherine Boeckmann

Catherine Boeckmann

Executive Digital Editor and Master Gardener

Catherine Boeckmann loves nature, stargazing, and gardening so it’s not surprising that she and The Old Farmer’s Almanac found each other. She leads digital content for the Almanac website, and is also a certified master gardener in the state of Indiana.

Read more from Catherine Boeckmann

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Comments

<span>Cindy Stoops</span> Fri, 04/11/2014 - 14:45
I have a 6ft tall Lilac bush This bush is very special to myself and my kids There dad planted it when we bought our first house he couldn't wait for it to bloom and would commet on it every time we walked out the frount door It became a running joke . Took 2 years and it bloomed However my Husband passed away suddinly right befor Never got to see how beautiful it was That Bush became a Part of our family. 10 years later im selling my Home and moving and My kids are insisting that the lilc bush comes with us . So my question is What do I need to do to make this Happen Plz Help
<span>Garden Love</span> Tue, 04/22/2014 - 11:31
I had a wonderful dark purple lilac tree growing near our old house. I took a cutting and dipped the end of the cutting in a rooting hormone, it rooted and now it's outside my present house. If you do this take a nice smaller branch thats not booming, cut with sharp tool at a 45* cut then follow the instructions on the rooting hormone package. It's not the whole tree but it's a nice way to take the tree without possibly losing the whole thing. I've also taken part of the bush using a sharp shovel, but that was another variety (bush). The dark purple was a tree. wishing you luck.
<a title="View user profile." href="/author/editors">The Editors</a> Thu, 04/17/2014 - 10:04

It may be difficult to transplant an old lilac. The root system is big and you want to get as much of it as possible. It can also be stressful to the plant. However, it can be done with care. Be aware that it may also take 1 to 3 years for it to recover and bloom. The timing must also be right: when they are dormant in early spring before the plant leafs out or in the fall. If you decide not to move the bush you can transplant suckers (offshoots from the bush). Use a sharp shovel to cut the underground stem that joins the offshoot to the lilac bush. and then carefully lift the sucker, trying to retain as many roots as possible.

 <span>Mhamrick</span> Thu, 04/10/2014 - 22:06
I recently purchased a house on some farm land. I'd like to have a bit of a wind breaker/property divider and thought a variety of lilacs would look wonderful behind our house. I don't think I'd want just a wall of bushes though... it is a pretty long stretch. Do you have suggestions for an evergreen that would pair nicely with the lilacs? Thanks for any suggestions!
<a title="View user profile." href="/author/editors">The Editors</a> Fri, 04/11/2014 - 08:06

For a lilac wall or hedge, just make sure you leave plenty of room between plants (6 feet for most varieties).  Chinese lilacs make a nice hedge. If you mix the lilac with trees, just avoid any trees that will grow tall and produce shade because lilacs need sun to flower. Perhaps a conifer shrub would work. Visit your garden center for local varieties. As the lilac trunks can look bare after the flowing season, we would consider planting hostas and perennials at ground level.

 <span>Lily Story</span> Wed, 04/09/2014 - 10:17
I have a lilac bush that I started from another bush 5 years ago. It is by all accounts healthy, 6-7 ft tall, thick green leaves and new shoots every year. The second year I had it, it bloomed one bloom cluster but not again. Still this spring their are no blooms starting. If you have any helpful information on getting my plant to bloom I would be grateful! I live in southwest MO. Also it gets plenty of sun and I water it in the summer.
<span>Allison N</span> Mon, 04/07/2014 - 11:28
I live in Central Kentucky. I'd like to plant lilacs in my backyard, but my neighbor has a very large black walnut tree maybe 10-12 yards from where I'd like to plant. The walnut tree doesn't shade the spot at all, but I've heard that lilacs might be one of those plants that can't tolerate black walnuts. Do you think I have a shot at keeping a lilac bush alive here?
<a title="View user profile." href="/author/editors">The Editors</a> Mon, 04/07/2014 - 16:00

Unfortunately, lilacs are sensitive to toxicity of black walnut trees. The toxic effects of a mature black walnut tree can extend 50 to 80 feet from the trunk of the tree, with the greatest toxicity occurring within the tree’s dripline.

 <span>John S</span> Fri, 04/04/2014 - 09:34
Hi, I live in Chicago and would like to know if I can plant a Purple Lilac in a large-(ish) size pot on an eastern-facing balcony? Will it eventually outgrow the pot (any pot)? I recognize regular fertilizing would likely be needed. Thanks!
<a title="View user profile." href="/author/editors">The Editors</a> Mon, 04/07/2014 - 10:55

If your lilac will get around 6 or more hours of direct sunlight, then it should be fine. Lilacs can grow in partial shade, but they will not bloom as profusely and may look more scraggly.

 

Choose a dwarf or shorter variety, such as 'Bloomerang', Korean dwarf lilac, 'Miss Kim', or 'Little Boy Blue', so that it won't overgrow the space; (still, some dwarfs can grow to 5 to 8 feet, so you'll need to keep up with pruning). Prune and water as needed. Provide good air circulation and good drainage. You may need to repot as the plant grows; allow a good amount of space for the roots to grow. Avoid black plastic pots, as these may get too hot.

 

Chicago is USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 6, so make sure that your cultivar is hardy in that Zone. Still, it might be good to provide winter protection (wrap the base and bush with burlap filled with leaves or straw; remove in early spring before new growth starts, but after last expected spring frost).

 

Good luck!