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Basil: How to Plant, Grow, and Harvest Basil | The Old Farmer's Almanac

Basil

Photo Credit
Pixabay
Botanical Name
Ocimum basilicum
Plant Type
Herb
Sun Exposure
Full Sun
Soil pH
Slightly Acidic to Neutral
Bloom Time
Summer
Flower Color
Pink
Purple
White
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Planting, Growing, and Harvesting Basil

The Editors
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Basil is a warm-weather, fragrant herb that tastes great in many dishes—including the beloved homemade pesto! Plant seeds or transplants after all danger of frost has passed and soil is warm, and it will yield an abundant harvest within weeks. Keep harvesting the leaves to keep the plant going strong.

About Basil

The most common type of basil is sweet basil; other types include purple basil (less sweet than common basil), lemon basil (lemon flavor), and Thai basil (licorice flavor).

Basil is easy to grow, but it only grows outdoors in the summer—and only once the soil has warmed up nicely—so plan accordingly.

If you’re planning on making pesto, grow several plants. For other uses, one or two basil plants yields plenty.

Planting

Basil will grow best in a location that gets 6 to 8 hours of full sun daily, though it can perform well in partial sun, too.

Soil should be moderately fertile and moist but well-draining. Basil works great in containers or raised beds, as these allow for better drainage. The pH of the soil should ideally be in the range of 6.0 to 7.5 (slightly acidic to neutral).

If you’re planning on cooking with these plants, plant in clean soil, don’t use insecticides, and grow them away from driveways and busy streets so that exhaust won’t settle on the plants.

When to Plant Basil

  • To get a jump on the season, start the seeds indoors 6 weeks before the last spring frost. (See local frost dates.)
  • To plant outside, wait until the soil has warmed to at least 50°F (10°C)—preferably around 70ºF (21°C) for best growth. Nighttime temperatures shouldn’t drop below 50°F (10°C).
  • Don’t rush basil. Without heat, the plant won’t grow well!

Spacing for Basil

How to Plant Basil

  • Sow seeds no more than 1/4-inch deep. Once seedlings emerge and have 2-3 pairs of true leaves, thin seedlings to one plant every 10 to 12 inches. Basil should grow to about 12 to 24 inches in height.
  • For larger varieties, plant farther apart (about 16 to 24 inches).
  • Tomatoes make great neighbors for basil plants in the garden—and on the plate!
Basil and tomato plant
A tomato plant (center) growing alongside basil.
Growing

How to Grow Basil

  • Make sure that the soil is moist. Basil plants like moisture.
    • If you live in a hot area, use mulch around the plants (the mulch will help hold in moisture and suppress weeds).
    • During the dry periods in summer, water the plants freely.
  • After the seedlings have produced their first six leaves, prune to above the second set. This encourages the plants to start branching, resulting in more leaves for harvest.
  • Every time a branch has six to eight leaves, repeat pruning the branches back to their first set of leaves.
  • Fertilize sparingly throughout the season with a 5-10-5 fertilizer.
  • After about 6 weeks, pinch off the center shoot to prevent early flowering. If flowers do grow, just cut them off.
  • If the weather is going to be cold or if a sudden frost is imminent, be sure to harvest your basil beforehand, as the cold temperatures will destroy your plants.

Basil leaves in pot

Recommended Varieties
  • Cinnamon basil, to add a hint of cinnamon to a dish
  • Purple basil, to add some nice color to your garden (when steeped in white vinegar, it creates a beautiful color)
  • Thai basil, to add a sweet licorice flavor to a dish.

See our post about basil varieties in the garden.

Harvesting

How to Harvest Basil

  • Start picking the leaves of basil as soon as the plants are 6 to 8 inches tall.
  • Once temperatures hit 80°F (27°C), basil will really start leafing out.
  • Harvest in the early morning, when leaves are at their juiciest.
  • Make sure to pick the leaves regularly to encourage growth throughout the summer.
  • Even if you don’t need to leaves, pick them to keep the plant going. Store them for later use!
  • If you pick regularly, twelve basil plants can produce 4 to 6 cups of leaves per week.

How to Store Basil

  • The best method for storing basil is freezing. Freezing will prevent the plant from losing a good portion of its flavor. To quick-freeze basil, package whole or chopped leaves in airtight, resealable plastic bags, then place in the freezer.
  • Another storage method is drying the basil (although some of the flavor will be lost). Pinch off the leaves at the stem and place them in a well-ventilated and shady area. After 3 to 4 days, if the plants are not completely dry, place them in the oven on the lowest heat setting with the door slightly open. Remember to turn the leaves (for equal drying) and check them frequently. See more about drying basil, tomatoes, and paprika.
Wit and Wisdom
  • Basil has a lovely fragrance. Pick from the stems and put in water for a few days as you would with cut flowers!
  • For other greens to use in your cuisine, see our Leafy Greens: Health Benefits page.

Where salt is good, so is basil.
–Italian saying

Pests/Diseases
Recipes
Fresh Tomato and Basil Quiche
Tomato, Basil, and Mozzarella Sandwiches
Basil Tart
Farro Salad With Basil and Feta
Fresh Basil and Tomato Frittata
Green Bean and Basil Soup
Caprese Bruschetta
Basil Pesto
Roasted Red Pepper, Mozzarella, and Basil-Stuffed Chicken
Cooking Notes

Make herbal vinegar using basil; it retains the flavor and makes a great gift!

Herbs
Basil

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Comments

Carol (not verified)

2 months 2 weeks ago

I had never grown herbs before I got one of those commercial mini-hydroponic setups for Christmas, which included 6 different herbs to grow, including Genovese and Thai basil. The Thai basil grows like a weed, but the Genovese seems to be nearing the end of its life span. I read that it could easily be propagated, so I snipped off a piece and have started it in a mason jar, it's rooting, and I hope to never, ever have to buy basil at the store again!

Krissa (not verified)

1 year ago

My basil leaves appear to have some sunburn. Are there any remedies to help once some of the leaves are already burnt?

Susan E Clark Harris (not verified)

1 year 7 months ago

My store-bought basil plant obviously went to flowers before to leaves, and then it dried up, even though watered. Any purpose to dried flowers other than for its smell?

Hi, Susan. The flowers on a basil plant are edible. If yours are dried now, try using them in cooking.

Laura (not verified)

1 year 10 months ago

After I have frozen my basil leaves, what is the best way to defrost them when I want to use them? Just leave them out til they thaw? Should I take the frozen leaves out of the baggie to thaw, or leave them in?