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How to Grow Butterfly Bushes: Planting, Pruning & Pollinator Tips

Attract beautiful butterflies to your garden with a butterfly bush.

Image Credit:
Willowpix/Getty
Botanical Name
Buddleia davidii
Grown as
Perennial
USDA Zones
5a
5b
6a
6b
7a
7b
8a
8b
9a
9b
Toxicity
Non-toxic
Sun Exposure
Full Sun
Water Needs
Moderate
Height
6-10 feet
Spread
6-10 feet
Soil pH
Neutral
Alkaline
Bloom Time
Summer
Fall
Flower Color
Pink
Purple
Red
White
Yellow
Special Features
Cut Flower
Disease-Resistant
Fragrant
Long Blooming
Attracts Butterflies
Attracts Hummingbirds
Attracts Pollinators
Deer-resistant
Rabbit-resistant
Resilience
Cold Hardy
Drought-Tolerant
Heat-Tolerant
Salt Tolerant
Plant Type
Shrubs and Bushes
Written By: Catherine Boeckmann Executive Digital Editor and Master Gardener

If you’ve ever dreamed of a garden buzzing with butterflies, the butterfly bush might seem like your perfect match. With its arching stems and cone-shaped clusters of fragrant blooms, this fast-growing shrub is a pollinator magnet that brings nonstop summer color. But before you plant, there’s more to consider—like when to prune (hint: not too early!) and whether your region may classify it as invasive. 

In this guide, we’ll help you plant, grow, prune, and responsibly care for Buddleja—so you can enjoy its beauty while being a smart steward of your garden.

Also called “summer lilacs,” butterfly bushes (Buddleia davidii) are hardy to Zone 5 and remain evergreen from Zone 8 south. Growing 5 to 10 feet tall, this large, arching shrub produces an abundance of flowers—long, spiked trusses—in mainly purple and pink colors. The shrub grows well in perennial gardens or as a shrub border, and the flowers are good for cutting.

Don’t prune at the wrong time. Butterfly bush growth appears on new wood, so pruning should wait until the new wood is ready to grow in spring. Also, be patient with this shrub as it may not leaf out in the spring until after other perennials. 

butterfly on a butterfly bush

Invasive Concerns of Butterfly Bushes

Please note that the butterfly bush, originally imported from China, has been classified as an invasive species in many U.S. states, as it’s known to crowd out native plants that are essential to wildlife. In warm climates, it can become a noxious weed and spread aggressively, while in cooler climates, it mostly stays contained if gardeners deadhead the flowers.

Note: The butterfly bush does provide adult butterflies with nectar similar to that of many flowers. However, it is not a “host plant” for butterfly larvae; if you want the butterflies to stay, be sure to add native host plants such as milkweed, aster, and dill. See plants that attract butterflies.  

If you would still like to put a butterfly bush in your garden, there are a few species of non-invasive butterfly bushes native to the southwestern United States. Also, there are newer varieties that stay compact and won’t take over your garden. See our native list of butterfly bushes below.

Please check with your local cooperative extension for more information.

Planting

Choose a location with full sun and moist, well-draining soil. 

When to Plant

How to Plant

  • Loosen the soil from 12 to 15 inches deep and mix in a 2- to 4-inch layer of compost.
  • Dig a hole twice the diameter of the plant container.
  • When placing the plant in the hole, the top of the rootball should be level with the soil surface. Gently backfill the hole around the root ball. Firm the soil.
  • Water thoroughly.

Growing

Caring for Butterfly Bushes

  • Water freely when in growth and sparingly otherwise. In the summer, water if rainfall is less than 1 inch per week.
  • Avoid fertilizing butterfly bush; too much fertility promotes leaf growth over flower production.
  • Remove spent flower spikes to encourage new shoots and flower buds. In addition, it is important to deadhead the flowers just as they start to wither so that this invasive plant doesn’t spread volunteer seeds. Deadheading of this invasive is now required in many states.
  • Each spring, apply a thin layer of compost, then 2 to 4 inches of mulch to retain moisture and control weeds.
  • In cold, Northern climates, spread mulch up to 6 inches deep around the trunk to nurture it through the winter.
  • Buddleias are very late to break dormancy, so don’t be in a hurry to assess winter damage.
  • The bush should bloom abundantly even in its first year. In warmer climates, the bushes will grow into trees and develop rugged trunks that peel; peeling is normal.
  • In the northern limit of their range, they behave as herbaceous perennials, dying back to the root in cold winters.

Pruning Butterfly Bushes

Butterfly bushes must be pruned vigorously, or their flowers will grow up so high that you can’t see and enjoy them!

  • Since butterfly bushes bloom on new wood, even if there is no dieback, cut them back to the ground early each spring. Yes, hack to the ground!
  • Also, prune out dead stems, cutting them close to the ground.
  • Even where winters are mild enough for the stems to survive, prune severely to stimulate abundant growth on which flowers are borne.

Pests and Problems

  • Susceptible to capsid bugs, caterpillars, weevils, mullein moths, and spider mites.
  • Fungal leaf spots and die-backs can occur.
  • Butterfly bushes are one of many deer-resistant plants.

Types

We are no longer recommending new plantings of the butterfly bush, given its categorization as an invasive in most of North America. Instead, we recommend using plants that better support the native landscape and food web, given our declining pollinator population. See alternative plants that attract butterflies.

Native Alternatives to Butterfly Bushes

Here are a few great flowering alternatives that also serve as host plants for caterpillars:

See a list of host plants native to your area here: Native Plant Finder

Shrubs and Trees

About The Author

Catherine Boeckmann

Catherine Boeckmann

Executive Digital Editor and Master Gardener

Catherine Boeckmann loves nature, stargazing, and gardening so it’s not surprising that she and The Old Farmer’s Almanac found each other. She leads digital content for the Almanac website, and is also a certified master gardener in the state of Indiana.

Read more from Catherine Boeckmann

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Comments

<span>Bill</span> Sun, 10/30/2016 - 12:46
We live in North Texas. The sun can be very strong. Being new to Butterfly bushes, does full sun even include Texas sun and heat? We are trying to find the best place to plant our bush, so it will florish.
<a title="View user profile." href="/author/editors">The Editors</a> Wed, 11/02/2016 - 13:02


You are in luck. Buddleia loves full sun. It grows well in average soil with medium moisture and good drainage. However, bear in mind that it is considered an invasive species so consider finding an alternative such as Summersweet (Clethera alnifolia) or, at the very least, only plant the one you already have and no more than that.

 

 <span>Karla Davis</span> Tue, 11/15/2016 - 16:29
We have these in our front flower beds, this faces west! In full sun they thrive,they are over 6ft tall and lots of flowers! Very pretty!!
<span>Amy Diotte</span> Fri, 10/14/2016 - 12:19
I live in Tennessee and just cut back my butterfly bushes. I didn't realize this was a spring time job. What should I do to protect them?
<a title="View user profile." href="/author/editors">The Editors</a> Fri, 10/14/2016 - 16:32

Buddleia is a pretty resilient shrub so it should be OK. Add a thick layer of mulch around it; if it starts to push new growth and frost is imminent, try tying a burlap sack loosely around it.

 

 <span>Karen Brace</span> Thu, 09/08/2016 - 21:14
Information for all plants in the autumn ..
<a title="View user profile." href="/author/editors">The Editors</a> Mon, 08/29/2016 - 12:27

Sow seeds into a vermiculite-filled tray in February. Set the covered tray outside to harden off the seeds. Then bring it in a place in a warm windowsill or heated propagator for germination.

 <span>Susan</span> Sun, 08/28/2016 - 19:40
When do you plant seeds for this ? In the fall or spring, and if spring is it better to start them indoors first ? Thanks
<span>Bob Graham</span> Sun, 08/28/2016 - 09:24
Buddleia (butterfly bush) is beautiful and does attract butterflies. But, it it non-native (originated in Asia), spreads rapidly and butterflies select native plants to lay eggs on over butterfly bush. In cities it's rather safe to plant. In areas with open natural land it can spread. Do not plant anywhere near a nature preserve. In some states it is listed as invasive. There are many other plants that work. I love the eye candy of the ButterfIy's in my garden but the eggs are most important.
<span>Rebecca</span> Sat, 08/27/2016 - 19:44
I have a Buddleia tree which I did not intentionally plant. It was from a garden a I had myself landscaped with multiple colors of Buddleia years ago. I had a new landscape design installed and 3 Buddleia grew into large plants which were formerly dormant. Now, 1 of them is wilting. I drip irrigate it.....to no avail. I'm not sure if I am over or under watering it. Do I cut back all of the wilted branches and stop watering it? Not sure how to approach this. I would appreciate your advice - thanks so much in advance.