Martha's Great Cake
Here’s Martha Washington’s “Great Cake” recipe for celebrating what she called “a true Virginia Christmas” at Mount Vernon. This is one of the few surviving recipes directly associated with the Washingtons. A fruit and spice cake, laced with brandy, this dessert would traditionally be served on the last of the twelve days of Christmas, known as Epiphany or Twelfth Night.
“Take 40 eggs and divide the whites from the yolks and beat them to a froth, start to work four pounds of butter to cream and put the whites of eggs to it a spoon full at a time till it is well worked. Then put four pounds of sugar finely powdered to it in the same way, then put in the yolks of eggs, and five pounds of flower, and five pounds of fruit. Two hours will bake it. Add to it half an ounce of mace, one nutmeg, half a pint of wine, and some French brandy.”
This recipe takes 40 eggs and clearly meant for a large party! For a more manageable (and realistic) recipe, there’s a nice adaptation from Mount Vernon, the Washington estate, has provided a modern adaptation which is part of a wonderful book, Dining with the Washingtons.
According to Mount Vernon, this cake is similar to panettone (which is between a cake and bread in texture) but denser and heavier, containing greater quantities of fruit and spice than the Italian sweet bread.
Cake
Ingredients
Instructions
- Combine the currants, orange and lemon peels, and citron in a large bowl. Add ½ cup of the Madeira, and stir to combine. Cover with plastic wrap, and set aside for at least 3 hours, or as long as overnight. Stir the remainder of the Madeira together with the brandy, cover, and set aside.
- When ready to bake the cake, preheat the oven to 325°F. Grease and flour a 10-inch tube pan.
- Drain the fruits in a large strainer set over a bowl, stirring occasionally to extract as much of the Madeira as possible. Add the strained Madeira to the set-aside Madeira and brandy.
- Combine ¼ cup of the flour with the fruit, and mix well. Add the almonds, and set aside. Sift the remaining flour with the nutmeg and mace.
- In the bowl of an electric mixer, cream the butter until it is light. Add the sugar, ½ cup at a time, beating for several minutes after adding each ingredient. Whisk the egg yolks until they are light and smooth, and add them to the butter and sugar. Continue to beat for several minutes, until the mixture is light and fluffy.
- Alternately add the spiced flour, ½ cup at a time, and the Madeira and brandy, beating until smooth.
- In a separate bowl, beat the egg whites to form stiff peaks. By hand, gently fold them into the batter, combining lightly until well blended. By hand, fold in the fruit in thirds, mixing until well combined.
- Pour the batter into the prepared pan, smoothing the top with an offset spatula or the back of a spoon.
- Bake for about 1 ½ hours, or until a wooden skewer inserted in the center comes out clean. Set the cake on a wire rack to cool in the pan for 20 minutes. If serving the cake plain, turn it out of the pan to cool completely. If finishing it with icing, turn the warm cake out of the pan onto a baking sheet, and proceed with the icing.
Optional: Use the Sugar Icing recipe below. Ice generously onto the surface, piling it high and swirling it around the top and sides. Set in the turned-off warm oven and let sit for at least 3 hours, or until the cake is cool and the icing has hardened. The icing will crumble when the cake is sliced.
Icing
Ingredients
Instructions
- In the bowl of an electric mixer, start beating the egg whites on low speed, gradually adding 2 tablespoons of the sugar. After about 3 minutes, or when they just begin to form soft peaks, increase the speed to high and continue adding the sugar, 2 tablespoons at a time, beating until all the sugar is incorporated and the egg whites form soft peaks.
- Add the rose water, and continue beating to form stiff peaks. Use immediately to ice the cake.
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How to brown the icing?
The cake in the picture looks like the icing was browned in the oven, like a lemon meringue pie. How was this done? What temp, how long, etc?
Fruitcake?
This seems to be a fruitcake recipe, and for more than one cake. Lady sure knew how to entertain...
Has anyone tried this yet??
Is there an Almanac kitchen?? Has this recipe been test baked?? Curious, but that's a LOT of ingredients if it's awful. . . . just sayin'! Eggs ain't free . . .
Recipe
We’ve presented this recipe precisely as Martha Washington wrote it, for authenticity’s sake. However, it is certainly not your average cake! Here’s a more realistic version of the recipe, courtesy of the Mount Vernon Inn Restaurant: Martha’s Great Cake.