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2023 Planting Calendar: When to Start Vegetable Seeds | The Old Farmer's Almanac

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Planting Calendar for Kapuskasing, ON

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The planting calendar below tells you when to plant in the SPRING and also plant in the FALL, based on your zip code or postal code.

Fall Planting Calendar

When we say "fall," we really mean planting in summer in time for a fall harvest. Think of this as a second summer! It's easy to keep the crops going if you're already prepared the soil! 

Many crops that would be started indoors for a spring crop can just be plunked into the soil directly for a fall crop. Not only is the soil already warm but also there are less pests and it tends to be rainier so you don't need to water as often. Some fall vegetables need to be harvested by the first frost but also many are frost-tolerant—and even taste better after a kiss of fall frost!

See each plant's individual Growing Guide for more specific planting, plant care, and harvesting information.

Spring Planting Calendar

Our spring planting calendar starts with the very first dates that you can plant (based on the last spring frost). But if you've missed these dates, no worries! This is why we've added "last planting dates" to our spring calendar; this is meant to help new gardeners understand that if they missed the first spring planting window, they can still get crops in the ground.

In fact, many crops with short maturity times (such as radishes) can be succession planted all the way through the summer in northern areas. However, note that some cool-seasons crops such as kale and lettuce do not grow well in hot tempertures, which can cause bolting issues.  For some gardeners, especially in the South, a break to avoid summer heat is needed, but they can start once the heat has passed. 

The dates provided are based on the number of weeks before or after frost, so we can provide a unique calendar to every user in the country. Thus several crops (especially similar crops) may appear to have the same date. Kale and lettuce, for example, or dates for starting seeds, like broccoli and cabbage. 

Specifically, on the charts, there are different columns labeled as follows:

  1. Start Seeds Indoors: When to sow seeds indoors to get an early start on the season.
  2. Plant Seedlings Outdoors: When to put small seedlings that you grew indoors (OR starter plants that you bought at a garden nursery) in the outdoor soil.
  3. Start Seeds Outdoors: When to plant seeds directly into the outdoor soil.
  4. Last Date to Plant: You may plant any time from the "start seeds" dates until this "last date." Don't wait any longer, or the crop won't have time to get to harvest before fall/winter frosts.

The "Moon Dates" indicate the best planting dates based on Moon phases. You can learn more about this age-old technique below.

When N/A appears in the chart, that starting method is typically not recommended, although it is likely still possible. 

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Planting Dates for Fall

On average, your first fall frost occurs on September 2 (at KAPUSKASING CDA, ON climate station).
CropFrost Based on Frost Dates
Moon Based on Moon Dates
Start Seeds OutdoorsTransplantAverage Days to MaturityFrost Tolerance
ArugulaFrost Jul 15-Aug 19
Moon Jul 17-Aug 1
N/A40Frost-hardy
BeetsFrost Jun 10-Jul 8
Moon Jun 10-16, Jul 4- 8
N/A50Frost-tolerant
Bok ChoyFrost Jun 24-Jul 15
Moon Jun 24-Jul 3
N/A50Frost-tolerant
BroccoliFrost Jun 3-10
Moon Jun 3
Frost Jun 24-Jul 8
Moon Jun 24-Jul 3
60Frost-tolerant
CabbageFrost Jun 3-10
Moon Jun 3
Frost Jun 24-Jul 1
Moon Jun 24-Jul 1
90Frost-tolerant
CarrotsFrost Jun 17-24
N/A70Frost-tolerant
CauliflowerFrost May 27-Jun 3
Moon May 27-Jun 3
Frost Jun 10-17
Moon Jun 17
75Frost-tolerant
ChivesFrost Jun 10-Jul 8
Moon Jun 17-Jul 3
N/A70Frost-tolerant
GarlicFrost Sep 16-30
Moon Sep 30
N/A120Frost-hardy
Green BeansFrost Jun 17-Jul 1
Moon Jun 17-Jul 1
N/A55Tender
KaleFrost Jun 24-Jul 8
Moon Jun 24-Jul 3
N/A60Frost-hardy
KohlrabiFrost Jul 1-22
Moon Jul 1- 3, Jul 17-22
N/A45Frost-tolerant
LettuceFrost Jun 24-Jul 8
Moon Jun 24-Jul 3
N/A60Frost-tolerant
PeasFrost Jun 24-Jul 8
Moon Jun 24-Jul 3
N/A55Tender
RadishesFrost Jul 22-Aug 5
Moon Aug 2- 5
N/A25Frost-tolerant
SpinachFrost Jul 15-Aug 5
Moon Jul 17-Aug 1
N/A30Frost-hardy
Swiss ChardFrost Jun 24-Jul 8
Moon Jun 24-Jul 3
N/A60Frost-tolerant
TurnipsFrost Jul 1-15
Moon Jul 4-15
N/A50Frost-tolerant

Planting Dates for Spring

On average, your last spring frost occurs on June 18 (at KAPUSKASING CDA, ON climate station, elevation 711 feet).
CropFrost Based on Frost Dates
Moon Based on Moon Dates
Start Seeds IndoorsPlant Seedlings
or Transplants
Start Seeds OutdoorsLast Date to Plant
ArugulaFrost Apr 23-May 7
Moon Apr 23-May 5
Frost May 28-Jun 11
Moon May 28-Jun 3
Frost May 21-28
Moon May 21-28
Aug 5
AsparagusN/AN/AFrost Jun 4-18
Moon Jun 4-16
Jun 18
BasilFrost May 7-21
Moon May 19-21
Frost Jul 2-16
Moon Jul 2- 3
Frost Jul 2-16
Moon Jul 2- 3
Jul 22
BeetsN/AFrost Jun 4-18
Moon Jun 4-16
Frost May 21-28
Jul 2
Bell PeppersFrost Apr 9-23
Moon Apr 19-23
Frost Jul 2- 9
Moon Jul 2- 3
N/AJun 10
Bok ChoyFrost May 7-21
Moon May 19-21
Frost Jul 2- 9
Moon Jul 2- 3
Frost Jul 2- 9
Moon Jul 2- 3
Jul 30
BroccoliFrost Apr 23-May 7
Moon Apr 23-May 5
Frost Jun 4-18
Moon Jun 17-18
Frost May 21-28
Moon May 21-28
Jul 1
Brussels SproutsFrost May 7-21
Moon May 19-21
Frost Mar 11-26
Moon Mar 21-26
Frost Feb 11-25
Moon Feb 20-25
May 27
CabbageFrost Apr 23-May 7
Moon Apr 23-May 5
Frost Jun 4-18
Moon Jun 17-18
Frost May 21-28
Moon May 21-28
May 20
CantaloupesFrost May 28-Jun 11
Moon May 28-Jun 3
Frost Jun 18-Jul 2
Moon Jun 18-Jul 2
Frost Jun 25-Jul 2
Moon Jun 25-Jul 2
May 27
CarrotsN/AN/AFrost May 21-Jun 4
Moon Jun 4
Jun 24
CauliflowerFrost May 7-21
Moon May 19-21
Frost Jun 11-25
Moon Jun 17-25
N/AJun 24
CeleryFrost Mar 26-Apr 9
Moon Mar 26-Apr 5
Frost Jun 25-Jul 9
Moon Jun 25-Jul 3
Frost Jun 18
Moon Jun 18
Jun 24
ChivesFrost Apr 23-May 7
Moon Apr 23-May 5
Frost May 28-Jun 4
Moon May 28-Jun 3
Frost May 28-Jun 4
Moon May 28-Jun 3
Jul 8
Cilantro (Coriander)N/AN/AFrost Jun 18-Jul 2
Moon Jun 18-Jul 2
Jul 9
CollardsFrost May 7-21
Moon May 19-21
Frost Jun 4-18
Moon Jun 17-18
Frost May 28-Jun 4
Moon May 28-Jun 3
Jun 24
CornN/AN/AFrost Jul 2-16
Moon Jul 2- 3
Jun 17
CucumbersFrost May 28-Jun 4
Moon May 28-Jun 3
Frost Jun 25-Jul 9
Moon Jun 25-Jul 3
Frost Jul 2- 9
Moon Jul 2- 3
Jun 24
DillN/AN/AFrost Jun 11-Jul 2
Moon Jun 17-Jul 2
Jul 8
EggplantsFrost Apr 23-May 7
Moon Apr 23-May 5
Frost Jul 2- 9
Moon Jul 2- 3
N/AJun 24
Fava Beans (Broad Beans)N/AN/AFrost May 21-28
Moon May 21-28
Jul 2
GarlicN/AN/AN/A
Green BeansN/AN/AFrost Jun 25-Jul 16
Moon Jun 25-Jul 3
Jun 24
Jalapeño PeppersFrost Apr 9-23
Moon Apr 19-23
Frost Jul 2- 9
Moon Jul 2- 3
N/A
KaleFrost Apr 23-May 7
Moon Apr 23-May 5
Frost Jun 4-18
Moon Jun 17-18
Frost May 21-28
Moon May 21-28
Jul 2
KohlrabiFrost May 7-21
Moon May 19-21
Frost May 28-Jun 4
Moon May 28-Jun 3
Frost May 21-28
Moon May 21-28
Jul 2
LettuceFrost May 7-21
Moon May 19-21
Frost May 28-Jun 4
Moon May 28-Jun 3
Frost May 21-28
Moon May 21-28
Jul 2
OkraFrost May 21-Jun 4
Moon May 21-Jun 3
Frost Jul 2- 9
Moon Jul 2- 3
Frost Jul 2-16
Moon Jul 2- 3
Jun 24
Onion SetsN/AFrost May 21-Jun 4
Moon Jun 4
N/AMay 27
OreganoFrost Apr 9-May 7
Moon Apr 19-May 5
Frost Jun 25-Jul 9
Moon Jun 25-Jul 3
N/AJun 24
ParsleyFrost Apr 9-23
Moon Apr 19-23
Frost Jun 25-Jul 9
Moon Jun 25-Jul 3
Frost May 21-Jun 25
Moon May 21-Jun 3, Jun 17-25
Jun 17
ParsnipsN/AN/AFrost May 21-28
May 27
PeasN/AN/AFrost May 21-28
Moon May 21-28
Jul 2
PotatoesN/AN/AFrost May 21-Jun 4
Moon Jun 4
Jun 24
PumpkinsFrost May 28-Jun 11
Moon May 28-Jun 3
Frost Jul 2- 9
Moon Jul 2- 3
Frost Jul 2- 9
Moon Jul 2- 3
May 20
RadishesN/AN/AFrost May 21-28
Jul 8
RosemaryFrost Mar 26-Apr 9
Moon Mar 26-Apr 5
Frost Jul 2- 9
Moon Jul 2- 3
N/AJul 8
SageFrost Apr 23-May 7
Moon Apr 23-May 5
Frost Jun 25-Jul 9
Moon Jun 25-Jul 3
N/AJun 17
SpinachFrost May 7-21
Moon May 19-21
Frost May 28-Jun 4
Moon May 28-Jun 3
Frost May 21-28
Moon May 21-28
Jul 2
Sweet PotatoesN/AN/AFrost Jul 2-16
Moon Jul 4-16
May 20
Swiss ChardFrost May 7-21
Moon May 19-21
Frost Jun 4-18
Moon Jun 17-18
Frost May 28-Jun 18
Moon May 28-Jun 3, Jun 17-18
Jul 2
ThymeFrost Apr 9-23
Moon Apr 19-23
Frost Jun 25-Jul 2
Moon Jun 25-Jul 2
N/AJun 10
TomatillosFrost May 7-21
Moon May 19-21
Frost Jul 2-16
Moon Jul 2- 3
N/AJun 17
TomatoesFrost Apr 23-May 7
Moon Apr 23-May 5
Frost Jul 2- 9
Moon Jul 2- 3
N/AJun 3
TurnipsN/AN/AFrost May 21-28
Aug 5
WatermelonsFrost May 28-Jun 11
Moon May 28-Jun 3
Frost Jul 2- 9
Moon Jul 2- 3
Frost Jun 25-Jul 2
Moon Jun 25-Jul 2
Jun 3
Winter SquashFrost May 28-Jun 4
Moon May 28-Jun 3
Frost Jun 25-Jul 9
Moon Jun 25-Jul 3
Frost Jul 2- 9
Moon Jul 2- 3
May 13
Zucchini and Summer SquashFrost May 28-Jun 4
Moon May 28-Jun 3
Frost Jun 25-Jul 9
Moon Jun 25-Jul 3
Frost Jul 2- 9
Moon Jul 2- 3
Jul 1
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