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2023 Planting Calendar: When to Start Vegetable Seeds | The Old Farmer's Almanac

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Planting Calendar for Columbia, MO

For the Almanac's fall and spring planting calendars, we've calculated the best time to start seeds indoors, when to transplant young plants outside, and when to direct seed into the ground.

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Planting Dates for Spring

On average, your last spring frost occurs on April 12 (at COLUMBIA U OF M, MO climate station, elevation 770 feet).
CropFrost Based on Frost Dates
Moon Based on Moon Dates
Start Seeds IndoorsPlant Seedlings
or Transplants
Start Seeds Outdoors
ArugulaN/AN/AFrost Mar 29-Apr 12
Moon Mar 29-Apr 5
BasilFrost Feb 14-28
Moon Feb 20-28
Frost Apr 12-May 3
Moon Apr 19-May 3
N/A
BeetsN/AN/AFrost Mar 29-Apr 19
Moon Apr 6-18
Bell PeppersFrost Jan 31-Feb 14
Moon Jan 31-Feb 5
Frost Apr 19-May 3
Moon Apr 19-May 3
N/A
Bok ChoyFrost Feb 28-Mar 15
Moon Feb 28-Mar 7
Frost Apr 19-May 3
Moon Apr 19-May 3
N/A
BroccoliFrost Feb 14-28
Moon Feb 20-28
Frost Mar 15-Apr 5
Moon Mar 21-Apr 5
N/A
CabbageFrost Feb 14-28
Moon Feb 20-28
Frost Mar 15-29
Moon Mar 21-29
N/A
CantaloupesFrost Mar 15-22
Moon Mar 21-22
Frost Apr 26-May 10
Moon Apr 26-May 5
N/A
CarrotsN/AN/AFrost Mar 7-22
Moon Mar 8-20
CauliflowerFrost Feb 14-28
Moon Feb 20-28
Frost Mar 15-Apr 5
Moon Mar 21-Apr 5
N/A
CeleryFrost Jan 31-Feb 14
Moon Jan 31-Feb 5
Frost Apr 19-May 3
Moon Apr 19-May 3
N/A
ChivesN/AN/AFrost Mar 15-22
Moon Mar 21-22
Cilantro (Coriander)N/AN/AFrost Apr 12-26
Moon Apr 19-26
CollardsN/AN/AFrost Mar 15-29
Moon Mar 21-29
CornN/AN/AFrost Apr 26-May 17
Moon Apr 26-May 5
CucumbersFrost Mar 15-22
Moon Mar 21-22
Frost Apr 26-May 10
Moon Apr 26-May 5
N/A
DillN/AN/AFrost Apr 12-May 17
Moon Apr 19-May 5
EggplantsFrost Feb 14-28
Moon Feb 20-28
Frost Apr 26-May 10
Moon Apr 26-May 5
N/A
Fava Beans (Broad Beans)Frost Jan 17-31
Moon Jan 21-31
Frost Feb 21-Mar 15
Moon Feb 21-Mar 7
N/A
Green BeansN/AN/AFrost Apr 19-May 10
Moon Apr 19-May 5
Jalapeño PeppersFrost Jan 31-Feb 14
Moon Jan 31-Feb 5
Frost Apr 19-May 3
Moon Apr 19-May 3
N/A
KaleFrost Feb 14-28
Moon Feb 20-28
Frost Mar 15-Apr 5
Moon Mar 21-Apr 5
N/A
KohlrabiFrost Feb 28-Mar 15
Moon Feb 28-Mar 7
Frost Mar 22-29
Moon Mar 22-29
N/A
LettuceFrost Feb 28-Mar 15
Moon Feb 28-Mar 7
Frost Mar 29-Apr 26
Moon Mar 29-Apr 5, Apr 19-26
N/A
OkraN/AN/AFrost Apr 26-May 10
Moon Apr 26-May 5
OnionsN/AN/AFrost Mar 15-Apr 5
Moon Mar 15-20
OreganoFrost Jan 31-Feb 28
Moon Jan 31-Feb 5, Feb 20-28
Frost Apr 12-May 3
Moon Apr 19-May 3
N/A
ParsleyN/AN/AFrost Mar 15-29
Moon Mar 21-29
ParsnipsN/AN/AFrost Mar 22-Apr 12
Moon Apr 6-12
PeasN/AN/AFrost Feb 28-Mar 22
Moon Feb 28-Mar 7, Mar 21-22
PotatoesN/AN/AFrost Mar 15-29
Moon Mar 15-20
PumpkinsFrost Mar 22-Apr 5
Moon Mar 22-Apr 5
Frost Apr 26-May 10
Moon Apr 26-May 5
N/A
RadishesN/AN/AFrost Feb 14-Mar 7
Moon Feb 14-19
RosemaryFrost Jan 31-Feb 14
Moon Jan 31-Feb 5
Frost Apr 19-May 10
Moon Apr 19-May 5
N/A
SageFrost Feb 14-28
Moon Feb 20-28
Frost Apr 12-26
Moon Apr 19-26
N/A
SpinachN/AN/AFrost Feb 28-Mar 22
Moon Feb 28-Mar 7, Mar 21-22
Sweet PotatoesN/AN/AFrost May 3-17
Moon May 6-17
Swiss ChardFrost Feb 28-Mar 15
Moon Feb 28-Mar 7
Frost Mar 22-29
Moon Mar 22-29
N/A
ThymeFrost Jan 31-Feb 28
Moon Jan 31-Feb 5, Feb 20-28
Frost Apr 12-May 3
Moon Apr 19-May 3
N/A
TomatillosFrost Feb 14-28
Moon Feb 20-28
Frost May 3-17
Moon May 3- 5
N/A
TomatoesFrost Feb 14-28
Moon Feb 20-28
Frost Apr 19-May 10
Moon Apr 19-May 5
N/A
TurnipsN/AN/AFrost Mar 15-Apr 5
Moon Mar 15-20
WatermelonsFrost Mar 15-22
Moon Mar 21-22
Frost Apr 26-May 10
Moon Apr 26-May 5
N/A
Winter SquashN/AN/AFrost Apr 26-May 24
Moon Apr 26-May 5, May 19-24
Zucchini, Summer SquashN/AN/AFrost Apr 26-May 24
Moon Apr 26-May 5, May 19-24

Planting Dates for Fall

On average, your first fall frost occurs on October 25 (at COLUMBIA U OF M, MO climate station).
CropFrost Based on Frost Dates
Start Seeds Indoors by...Plant Seedlings Outdoors by...Start Seeds Outdoors by...
ArugulaN/AN/AFrost Sep 20
BeetsN/AN/AFrost Sep 10
Bell PeppersFrost May 12Frost Jul 7N/A
Bok ChoyN/AN/AFrost Sep 15
BroccoliFrost Jul 14Frost Aug 11N/A
CabbageFrost Jul 4Frost Aug 1N/A
CantaloupesN/AN/AFrost Jun 27
CarrotsN/AN/AFrost Sep 5
CauliflowerFrost Jul 14Frost Aug 11N/A
CeleryFrost May 3Frost Jul 12N/A
CollardsN/AN/AFrost Aug 26
CornN/AN/AFrost Jul 17
CucumbersN/AN/AFrost Jul 22
EggplantsFrost May 12Frost Jul 7N/A
Fava Beans (Broad Beans)N/AN/AFrost Aug 26
Green BeansN/AN/AFrost Jul 22
Jalapeño PeppersFrost Jun 1Frost Jul 27N/A
KaleFrost Aug 3Frost Aug 31N/A
KohlrabiN/AN/AFrost Sep 5
LettuceN/AN/AFrost Sep 15
OkraN/AN/AFrost Jul 17
ParsnipsN/AN/AFrost Jul 22
PeasN/AN/AFrost Aug 21
PotatoesN/AN/AFrost Jul 7
PumpkinsN/AN/AFrost Jun 7
RadishesN/AN/AFrost Sep 20
SpinachN/AN/AFrost Sep 30
Sweet PotatoesFrost May 23Frost Jun 27N/A
Swiss ChardN/AN/AFrost Sep 15
TomatillosN/AN/AFrost Jul 17
TomatoesFrost May 17Frost Jul 12N/A
TurnipsN/AN/AFrost Sep 15
WatermelonsN/AN/AFrost Jun 27
Winter SquashN/AN/AFrost Jul 12
Zucchini, Summer SquashN/AN/AFrost Jul 27
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