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2023 Planting Calendar: When to Start Vegetable Seeds | The Old Farmer's Almanac

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Planting Calendar for Hanover, NH

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The planting calendar below tells you when to plant in the SPRING and also plant in the FALL, based on your zip code or postal code.

Fall Planting Calendar

When we say "fall," we really mean planting in summer in time for a fall harvest. Think of this as a second summer! It's easy to keep the crops going if you're already prepared the soil! 

Many crops that would be started indoors for a spring crop can just be plunked into the soil directly for a fall crop. Not only is the soil already warm but also there are less pests and it tends to be rainier so you don't need to water as often. Some fall vegetables need to be harvested by the first frost but also many are frost-tolerant—and even taste better after a kiss of fall frost!

See each plant's individual Growing Guide for more specific planting, plant care, and harvesting information.

Spring Planting Calendar

Our spring planting calendar starts with the very first dates that you can plant (based on the last spring frost). But if you've missed these dates, no worries! This is why we've added "last planting dates" to our spring calendar; this is meant to help new gardeners understand that if they missed the first spring planting window, they can still get crops in the ground.

In fact, many crops with short maturity times (such as radishes) can be succession planted all the way through the summer in northern areas. However, note that some cool-seasons crops such as kale and lettuce do not grow well in hot tempertures, which can cause bolting issues.  For some gardeners, especially in the South, a break to avoid summer heat is needed, but they can start once the heat has passed. 

The dates provided are based on the number of weeks before or after frost, so we can provide a unique calendar to every user in the country. Thus several crops (especially similar crops) may appear to have the same date. Kale and lettuce, for example, or dates for starting seeds, like broccoli and cabbage. 

Specifically, on the charts, there are different columns labeled as follows:

  1. Start Seeds Indoors: When to sow seeds indoors to get an early start on the season.
  2. Plant Seedlings Outdoors: When to put small seedlings that you grew indoors (OR starter plants that you bought at a garden nursery) in the outdoor soil.
  3. Start Seeds Outdoors: When to plant seeds directly into the outdoor soil.
  4. Last Date to Plant: You may plant any time from the "start seeds" dates until this "last date." Don't wait any longer, or the crop won't have time to get to harvest before fall/winter frosts.

The "Moon Dates" indicate the best planting dates based on Moon phases. You can learn more about this age-old technique below.

When N/A appears in the chart, that starting method is typically not recommended, although it is likely still possible. 

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Planting Dates for Fall

On average, your first fall frost occurs on October 7 (at HANOVER, NH climate station).
CropFrost Based on Frost Dates
Moon Based on Moon Dates
Start Seeds OutdoorsTransplantAverage Days to MaturityFrost Tolerance
ArugulaFrost Aug 19-Sep 23
Moon Aug 19-30, Sep 14-23
N/A40Frost-hardy
BeetsFrost Jul 15-Aug 12
Moon Jul 15-16, Aug 2-12
N/A50Frost-tolerant
Bok ChoyFrost Jul 29-Aug 19
Moon Jul 29-Aug 1, Aug 16-19
N/A50Frost-tolerant
BroccoliFrost Jul 8-15
Frost Jul 29-Aug 12
Moon Jul 29-Aug 1
60Frost-tolerant
CabbageFrost Jul 8-15
Frost Jul 29-Aug 5
Moon Jul 29-Aug 1
90Frost-tolerant
CarrotsFrost Jul 22-29
N/A70Frost-tolerant
CauliflowerFrost Jul 1- 8
Moon Jul 1- 3
Frost Jul 15-22
Moon Jul 17-22
75Frost-tolerant
ChivesFrost Jul 15-Aug 12
Moon Jul 17-Aug 1
N/A70Frost-tolerant
GarlicFrost Oct 21-Nov 4
Moon Oct 29-Nov 4
N/A120Frost-hardy
Green BeansFrost Jul 22-Aug 5
Moon Jul 22-Aug 1
N/A55Tender
KaleFrost Jul 29-Aug 12
Moon Jul 29-Aug 1
N/A60Frost-hardy
KohlrabiFrost Aug 5-26
Moon Aug 16-26
N/A45Frost-tolerant
LettuceFrost Jul 29-Aug 12
Moon Jul 29-Aug 1
N/A60Frost-tolerant
PeasFrost Jul 29-Aug 12
Moon Jul 29-Aug 1
N/A55Tender
RadishesFrost Aug 26-Sep 9
Moon Aug 31-Sep 9
N/A25Frost-tolerant
SpinachFrost Aug 19-Sep 9
Moon Aug 19-30
N/A30Frost-hardy
Swiss ChardFrost Jul 29-Aug 12
Moon Jul 29-Aug 1
N/A60Frost-tolerant
TurnipsFrost Aug 5-19
Moon Aug 5-15
N/A50Frost-tolerant

Planting Dates for Spring

On average, your last spring frost occurs on May 6 (at HANOVER, NH climate station, elevation 583 feet).
CropFrost Based on Frost Dates
Moon Based on Moon Dates
Start Seeds IndoorsPlant Seedlings
or Transplants
Start Seeds OutdoorsLast Date to Plant
ArugulaFrost Mar 10-25
Moon Mar 21-25
Frost Apr 15-29
Moon Apr 19-29
Frost Apr 8-15
Sep 9
AsparagusN/AN/AFrost Apr 22-May 6
Moon May 6
May 6
BasilFrost Mar 25-Apr 8
Moon Mar 25-Apr 5
Frost May 20-Jun 3
Moon May 20-Jun 3
Frost May 20-Jun 3
Moon May 20-Jun 3
Aug 26
BeetsN/AFrost Apr 22-May 6
Moon May 6
Frost Apr 8-15
Moon Apr 8-15
May 20
Bell PeppersFrost Feb 24-Mar 10
Moon Feb 24-Mar 7
Frost May 20-27
Moon May 20-27
N/AJul 15
Bok ChoyFrost Mar 25-Apr 8
Moon Mar 25-Apr 5
Frost May 20-27
Moon May 20-27
Frost May 20-27
Moon May 20-27
Jun 17
BroccoliFrost Mar 10-25
Moon Mar 21-25
Frost Apr 22-May 6
Moon Apr 22-May 5
Frost Apr 8-15
Aug 5
Brussels SproutsFrost Mar 25-Apr 8
Moon Mar 25-Apr 5
Frost Jan 27-Feb 10
Moon Jan 27-Feb 5
Frost Dec 30-Jan 13
Moon Dec 30-Jan 6
Jul 1
CabbageFrost Mar 10-25
Moon Mar 21-25
Frost Apr 22-May 6
Moon Apr 22-May 5
Frost Apr 8-15
Jun 24
CantaloupesFrost Apr 15-29
Moon Apr 19-29
Frost May 6-20
Moon May 19-20
Frost May 13-20
Moon May 19-20
Jul 1
CarrotsN/AN/AFrost Apr 8-22
Moon Apr 8-18
Jul 29
CauliflowerFrost Mar 25-Apr 8
Moon Mar 25-Apr 5
Frost Apr 29-May 13
Moon Apr 29-May 5
N/AJul 29
CeleryFrost Feb 10-24
Moon Feb 20-24
Frost May 13-27
Moon May 19-27
Frost May 6
Jul 29
ChivesFrost Mar 10-25
Moon Mar 21-25
Frost Apr 15-22
Moon Apr 19-22
Frost Apr 15-22
Moon Apr 19-22
Aug 12
Cilantro (Coriander)N/AN/AFrost May 6-20
Moon May 19-20
May 27
CollardsFrost Mar 25-Apr 8
Moon Mar 25-Apr 5
Frost Apr 22-May 6
Moon Apr 22-May 5
Frost Apr 15-22
Moon Apr 19-22
Jul 29
CornN/AN/AFrost May 20-Jun 3
Moon May 20-Jun 3
Jul 22
CucumbersFrost Apr 15-22
Moon Apr 19-22
Frost May 13-27
Moon May 19-27
Frost May 20-27
Moon May 20-27
Jul 29
DillN/AN/AFrost Apr 29-May 20
Moon Apr 29-May 5, May 19-20
Aug 12
EggplantsFrost Mar 10-25
Moon Mar 21-25
Frost May 20-27
Moon May 20-27
N/AJul 29
Fava Beans (Broad Beans)N/AN/AFrost Apr 8-15
May 20
GarlicN/AN/AN/A
Green BeansN/AN/AFrost May 13-Jun 3
Moon May 19-Jun 3
Jul 29
Jalapeño PeppersFrost Feb 24-Mar 10
Moon Feb 24-Mar 7
Frost May 20-27
Moon May 20-27
N/A
KaleFrost Mar 10-25
Moon Mar 21-25
Frost Apr 22-May 6
Moon Apr 22-May 5
Frost Apr 8-15
May 20
KohlrabiFrost Mar 25-Apr 8
Moon Mar 25-Apr 5
Frost Apr 15-22
Moon Apr 19-22
Frost Apr 8-15
May 20
LettuceFrost Mar 25-Apr 8
Moon Mar 25-Apr 5
Frost Apr 15-22
Moon Apr 19-22
Frost Apr 8-15
May 20
OkraFrost Apr 8-22
Moon Apr 19-22
Frost May 20-27
Moon May 20-27
Frost May 20-Jun 3
Moon May 20-Jun 3
Jul 29
Onion SetsN/AFrost Apr 8-22
Moon Apr 8-18
N/AJul 1
OreganoFrost Feb 24-Mar 25
Moon Feb 24-Mar 7, Mar 21-25
Frost May 13-27
Moon May 19-27
N/AJul 29
ParsleyFrost Feb 24-Mar 10
Moon Feb 24-Mar 7
Frost May 13-27
Moon May 19-27
Frost Apr 8-May 13
Moon Apr 19-May 5
Jul 22
ParsnipsN/AN/AFrost Apr 8-15
Moon Apr 8-15
Jul 1
PeasN/AN/AFrost Apr 8-15
May 20
PotatoesN/AN/AFrost Apr 8-22
Moon Apr 8-18
Jul 29
PumpkinsFrost Apr 15-29
Moon Apr 19-29
Frost May 20-27
Moon May 20-27
Frost May 20-27
Moon May 20-27
Jun 24
RadishesN/AN/AFrost Apr 8-15
Moon Apr 8-15
Aug 12
RosemaryFrost Feb 10-24
Moon Feb 20-24
Frost May 20-27
Moon May 20-27
N/AAug 12
SageFrost Mar 10-25
Moon Mar 21-25
Frost May 13-27
Moon May 19-27
N/AJul 22
SpinachFrost Mar 25-Apr 8
Moon Mar 25-Apr 5
Frost Apr 15-22
Moon Apr 19-22
Frost Apr 8-15
May 20
Sweet PotatoesN/AN/AFrost May 20-Jun 3
Jun 24
Swiss ChardFrost Mar 25-Apr 8
Moon Mar 25-Apr 5
Frost Apr 22-May 6
Moon Apr 22-May 5
Frost Apr 15-May 6
Moon Apr 19-May 5
May 20
ThymeFrost Feb 24-Mar 10
Moon Feb 24-Mar 7
Frost May 13-20
Moon May 19-20
N/AJul 15
TomatillosFrost Mar 25-Apr 8
Moon Mar 25-Apr 5
Frost May 20-Jun 3
Moon May 20-Jun 3
N/AJul 22
TomatoesFrost Mar 10-25
Moon Mar 21-25
Frost May 20-27
Moon May 20-27
N/AJul 8
TurnipsN/AN/AFrost Apr 8-15
Moon Apr 8-15
Sep 9
WatermelonsFrost Apr 15-29
Moon Apr 19-29
Frost May 20-27
Moon May 20-27
Frost May 13-20
Moon May 19-20
Jul 8
Winter SquashFrost Apr 15-22
Moon Apr 19-22
Frost May 13-27
Moon May 19-27
Frost May 20-27
Moon May 20-27
Jun 17
Zucchini and Summer SquashFrost Apr 15-22
Moon Apr 19-22
Frost May 13-27
Moon May 19-27
Frost May 20-27
Moon May 20-27
Aug 5
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