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2023 Planting Calendar: When to Start Vegetable Seeds | The Old Farmer's Almanac

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Planting Calendar for Salem, SD

For the Almanac's fall and spring planting calendars, we've calculated the best time to start seeds indoors, when to transplant young plants outside, and when to direct seed into the ground.

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Planting Dates for Spring

On average, your last spring frost occurs on May 12 (at SALEM 5NE, SD climate station, elevation 1594 feet).
CropFrost Based on Frost Dates
Moon Based on Moon Dates
Start Seeds IndoorsPlant Seedlings
or Transplants
Start Seeds Outdoors
ArugulaN/AN/AFrost Apr 28-May 12
Moon Apr 28-May 5
BasilFrost Mar 17-31
Moon Mar 21-31
Frost May 12-Jun 2
Moon May 19-Jun 2
N/A
BeetsN/AN/AFrost Apr 28-May 19
Moon May 6-18
Bell PeppersFrost Mar 2-17
Moon Mar 2- 7
Frost May 19-Jun 2
Moon May 19-Jun 2
N/A
Bok ChoyFrost Mar 31-Apr 14
Moon Mar 31-Apr 5
Frost May 19-Jun 2
Moon May 19-Jun 2
N/A
BroccoliFrost Mar 17-31
Moon Mar 21-31
Frost Apr 14-May 5
Moon Apr 19-May 5
N/A
CabbageFrost Mar 17-31
Moon Mar 21-31
Frost Apr 14-28
Moon Apr 19-28
N/A
CantaloupesFrost Apr 14-21
Moon Apr 19-21
Frost May 26-Jun 9
Moon May 26-Jun 3
N/A
CarrotsN/AN/AFrost Apr 7-21
Moon Apr 7-18
CauliflowerFrost Mar 17-31
Moon Mar 21-31
Frost Apr 14-May 5
Moon Apr 19-May 5
N/A
CeleryFrost Mar 2-17
Moon Mar 2- 7
Frost May 19-Jun 2
Moon May 19-Jun 2
N/A
ChivesN/AN/AFrost Apr 14-21
Moon Apr 19-21
Cilantro (Coriander)N/AN/AFrost May 12-26
Moon May 19-26
CollardsN/AN/AFrost Apr 14-28
Moon Apr 19-28
CornN/AN/AFrost May 26-Jun 16
Moon May 26-Jun 3
CucumbersFrost Apr 14-21
Moon Apr 19-21
Frost May 26-Jun 9
Moon May 26-Jun 3
N/A
DillN/AN/AFrost May 12-Jun 16
Moon May 19-Jun 3
EggplantsFrost Mar 17-31
Moon Mar 21-31
Frost May 26-Jun 9
Moon May 26-Jun 3
N/A
Fava Beans (Broad Beans)Frost Feb 16-Mar 2
Moon Feb 20-Mar 2
Frost Mar 24-Apr 14
Moon Mar 24-Apr 5
N/A
Green BeansN/AN/AFrost May 19-Jun 9
Moon May 19-Jun 3
Jalapeño PeppersFrost Mar 2-17
Moon Mar 2- 7
Frost May 19-Jun 2
Moon May 19-Jun 2
N/A
KaleFrost Mar 17-31
Moon Mar 21-31
Frost Apr 14-May 5
Moon Apr 19-May 5
N/A
KohlrabiFrost Mar 31-Apr 14
Moon Mar 31-Apr 5
Frost Apr 21-28
Moon Apr 21-28
N/A
LettuceFrost Mar 31-Apr 14
Moon Mar 31-Apr 5
Frost Apr 28-May 26
Moon Apr 28-May 5, May 19-26
N/A
OkraN/AN/AFrost May 26-Jun 9
Moon May 26-Jun 3
OnionsN/AN/AFrost Apr 14-May 5
Moon Apr 14-18
OreganoFrost Mar 2-31
Moon Mar 2- 7, Mar 21-31
Frost May 12-Jun 2
Moon May 19-Jun 2
N/A
ParsleyN/AN/AFrost Apr 14-28
Moon Apr 19-28
ParsnipsN/AN/AFrost Apr 21-May 12
Moon May 6-12
PeasN/AN/AFrost Mar 31-Apr 21
Moon Mar 31-Apr 5, Apr 19-21
PotatoesN/AN/AFrost Apr 14-28
Moon Apr 14-18
PumpkinsFrost Apr 21-May 5
Moon Apr 21-May 5
Frost May 26-Jun 9
Moon May 26-Jun 3
N/A
RadishesN/AN/AFrost Mar 17-Apr 7
Moon Mar 17-20, Apr 6- 7
RosemaryFrost Mar 2-17
Moon Mar 2- 7
Frost May 19-Jun 9
Moon May 19-Jun 3
N/A
SageFrost Mar 17-31
Moon Mar 21-31
Frost May 12-26
Moon May 19-26
N/A
SpinachN/AN/AFrost Mar 31-Apr 21
Moon Mar 31-Apr 5, Apr 19-21
Sweet PotatoesN/AN/AFrost Jun 2-16
Moon Jun 4-16
Swiss ChardFrost Mar 31-Apr 14
Moon Mar 31-Apr 5
Frost Apr 21-28
Moon Apr 21-28
N/A
ThymeFrost Mar 2-31
Moon Mar 2- 7, Mar 21-31
Frost May 12-Jun 2
Moon May 19-Jun 2
N/A
TomatillosFrost Mar 17-31
Moon Mar 21-31
Frost Jun 2-16
Moon Jun 2- 3
N/A
TomatoesFrost Mar 17-31
Moon Mar 21-31
Frost May 19-Jun 9
Moon May 19-Jun 3
N/A
TurnipsN/AN/AFrost Apr 14-May 5
Moon Apr 14-18
WatermelonsFrost Apr 14-21
Moon Apr 19-21
Frost May 26-Jun 9
Moon May 26-Jun 3
N/A
Winter SquashN/AN/AFrost May 26-Jun 23
Moon May 26-Jun 3, Jun 17-23
Zucchini and Summer SquashN/AN/AFrost May 26-Jun 23
Moon May 26-Jun 3, Jun 17-23

Planting Dates for Fall

On average, your first fall frost occurs on September 24 (at SALEM 5NE, SD climate station).
CropFrost Based on Frost Dates
Start Seeds Indoors by...Plant Seedlings Outdoors by...Start Seeds Outdoors by...
ArugulaN/AN/AFrost Aug 20
BeetsN/AN/AFrost Aug 10
Bell PeppersFrost Apr 11Frost Jun 6N/A
Bok ChoyN/AN/AFrost Aug 15
BroccoliFrost Jun 13Frost Jul 11N/A
CabbageFrost Jun 3Frost Jul 1N/A
CantaloupesN/AN/AFrost June 9
CarrotsN/AN/AFrost Aug 5
CauliflowerFrost Jun 13Frost Jul 11N/A
CeleryFrost Apr 2Frost Jun 11N/A
CollardsN/AN/AFrost Jul 26
CornN/AN/AFrost Jun 16
CucumbersN/AN/AFrost Jun 21
EggplantsFrost Apr 11Frost June 9N/A
Fava Beans (Broad Beans)N/AN/AFrost Jul 26
Green BeansN/AN/AFrost Jun 21
Jalapeño PeppersFrost May 1Frost Jun 26N/A
KaleFrost Jul 3Frost Jul 31N/A
KohlrabiN/AN/AFrost Aug 5
LettuceN/AN/AFrost Aug 15
OkraN/AN/AFrost Jun 16
ParsnipsN/AN/AFrost Jun 21
PeasN/AN/AFrost Jul 21
PotatoesN/AN/AFrost Jun 6
PumpkinsN/AN/AFrost June 9
RadishesN/AN/AFrost Aug 20
SpinachN/AN/AFrost Aug 30
Sweet PotatoesFrost Apr 22Frost June 16N/A
Swiss ChardN/AN/AFrost Aug 15
TomatillosN/AN/AFrost Jun 16
TomatoesFrost Apr 16Frost Jun 11N/A
TurnipsN/AN/AFrost Aug 15
WatermelonsN/AN/AFrost June 9
Winter SquashN/AN/AFrost June 23
Zucchini and Summer SquashN/AN/AFrost Jun 26
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