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2023 Planting Calendar: When to Start Vegetable Seeds | The Old Farmer's Almanac

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Planting Calendar for Phenix City, AL

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The planting calendar below tells you when to plant in the SPRING and also plant in the FALL, based on your zip code or postal code.

Fall Planting Calendar

When we say "fall," we really mean planting in summer in time for a fall harvest. Think of this as a second summer! It's easy to keep the crops going if you're already prepared the soil! 

Many crops that would be started indoors for a spring crop can just be plunked into the soil directly for a fall crop. Not only is the soil already warm but also there are less pests and it tends to be rainier so you don't need to water as often. Some fall vegetables need to be harvested by the first frost but also many are frost-tolerant—and even taste better after a kiss of fall frost!

See each plant's individual Growing Guide for more specific planting, plant care, and harvesting information.

Spring Planting Calendar

Our spring planting calendar starts with the very first dates that you can plant (based on the last spring frost). But if you've missed these dates, no worries! This is why we've added "last planting dates" to our spring calendar; this is meant to help new gardeners understand that if they missed the first spring planting window, they can still get crops in the ground.

In fact, many crops with short maturity times (such as radishes) can be succession planted all the way through the summer in northern areas. However, note that some cool-seasons crops such as kale and lettuce do not grow well in hot tempertures, which can cause bolting issues.  For some gardeners, especially in the South, a break to avoid summer heat is needed, but they can start once the heat has passed. 

The dates provided are based on the number of weeks before or after frost, so we can provide a unique calendar to every user in the country. Thus several crops (especially similar crops) may appear to have the same date. Kale and lettuce, for example, or dates for starting seeds, like broccoli and cabbage. 

Specifically, on the charts, there are different columns labeled as follows:

  1. Start Seeds Indoors: When to sow seeds indoors to get an early start on the season.
  2. Plant Seedlings Outdoors: When to put small seedlings that you grew indoors (OR starter plants that you bought at a garden nursery) in the outdoor soil.
  3. Start Seeds Outdoors: When to plant seeds directly into the outdoor soil.
  4. Last Date to Plant: You may plant any time from the "start seeds" dates until this "last date." Don't wait any longer, or the crop won't have time to get to harvest before fall/winter frosts.

The "Moon Dates" indicate the best planting dates based on Moon phases. You can learn more about this age-old technique below.

When N/A appears in the chart, that starting method is typically not recommended, although it is likely still possible. 

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Planting Dates for Fall

On average, your first fall frost occurs on November 16 (at COLUMBUS METRO AP, GA climate station).
CropFrost Based on Frost Dates
Moon Based on Moon Dates
Start Seeds OutdoorsTransplantAverage Days to MaturityFrost Tolerance
ArugulaFrost Sep 28-Nov 2
Moon Sep 28-29, Oct 14-28
N/A40Frost-hardy
BeetsFrost Aug 24-Sep 21
Moon Aug 31-Sep 13
N/A50Frost-tolerant
Bok ChoyFrost Sep 7-28
Moon Sep 14-28
N/A50Frost-tolerant
BroccoliFrost Aug 17-24
Moon Aug 17-24
Frost Sep 7-21
Moon Sep 14-21
60Frost-tolerant
CabbageFrost Aug 17-24
Moon Aug 17-24
Frost Sep 7-14
Moon Sep 14
90Frost-tolerant
CarrotsFrost Aug 31-Sep 7
Moon Aug 31-Sep 7
N/A70Frost-tolerant
CauliflowerFrost Aug 10-17
Moon Aug 16-17
Frost Aug 24-31
Moon Aug 24-30
75Frost-tolerant
ChivesFrost Aug 24-Sep 21
Moon Aug 24-30, Sep 14-21
N/A70Frost-tolerant
GarlicFrost Nov 30-Dec 14
Moon Nov 30-Dec 11
N/A120Frost-hardy
Green BeansFrost Aug 31-Sep 14
Moon Sep 14
N/A55Tender
KaleFrost Sep 7-21
Moon Sep 14-21
N/A60Frost-hardy
KohlrabiFrost Sep 14-Oct 5
Moon Sep 14-29
N/A45Frost-tolerant
LettuceFrost Sep 7-21
Moon Sep 14-21
N/A60Frost-tolerant
PeasFrost Sep 7-21
Moon Sep 14-21
N/A55Tender
RadishesFrost Oct 5-19
Moon Oct 5-13
N/A25Frost-tolerant
SpinachFrost Sep 28-Oct 19
Moon Sep 28-29, Oct 14-19
N/A30Frost-hardy
Swiss ChardFrost Sep 7-21
Moon Sep 14-21
N/A60Frost-tolerant
TurnipsFrost Sep 14-28
N/A50Frost-tolerant

Planting Dates for Spring

On average, your last spring frost occurs on March 14 (at COLUMBUS METRO AP, GA climate station, elevation 393 feet).
CropFrost Based on Frost Dates
Moon Based on Moon Dates
Start Seeds IndoorsPlant Seedlings
or Transplants
Start Seeds OutdoorsLast Date to Plant
ArugulaFrost Jan 16-30
Moon Jan 21-30
Frost Feb 20-Mar 6
Moon Feb 20-Mar 6
Frost Feb 13-20
Moon Feb 20
Oct 19
AsparagusN/AN/AFrost Feb 27-Mar 14
Moon Mar 8-14
Mar 14
BasilFrost Jan 30-Feb 13
Moon Jan 30-Feb 5
Frost Mar 28-Apr 11
Moon Mar 28-Apr 5
Frost Mar 28-Apr 11
Moon Mar 28-Apr 5
Oct 5
BeetsN/AFrost Feb 27-Mar 14
Moon Mar 8-14
Frost Feb 13-20
Moon Feb 13-19
Mar 28
Bell PeppersFrost Jan 2-16
Moon Jan 2- 6
Frost Mar 28-Apr 4
Moon Mar 28-Apr 4
N/AAug 24
Bok ChoyFrost Jan 30-Feb 13
Moon Jan 30-Feb 5
Frost Mar 28-Apr 4
Moon Mar 28-Apr 4
Frost Mar 28-Apr 4
Moon Mar 28-Apr 4
Apr 25
BroccoliFrost Jan 16-30
Moon Jan 21-30
Frost Feb 27-Mar 14
Moon Feb 27-Mar 7
Frost Feb 13-20
Moon Feb 20
Sep 14
Brussels SproutsFrost Jan 30-Feb 13
Moon Jan 30-Feb 5
Frost Dec 5-19
Moon Dec 5- 7
Frost Nov 7-21
Moon Nov 7- 8
Aug 10
CabbageFrost Jan 16-30
Moon Jan 21-30
Frost Feb 27-Mar 14
Moon Feb 27-Mar 7
Frost Feb 13-20
Moon Feb 20
Aug 3
CantaloupesFrost Feb 20-Mar 6
Moon Feb 20-Mar 6
Frost Mar 14-28
Moon Mar 21-28
Frost Mar 21-28
Moon Mar 21-28
Aug 10
CarrotsN/AN/AFrost Feb 13-27
Moon Feb 13-19
Sep 7
CauliflowerFrost Jan 30-Feb 13
Moon Jan 30-Feb 5
Frost Mar 6-21
Moon Mar 6- 7
N/ASep 7
CeleryFrost Dec 19-Jan 2
Moon Dec 23-Jan 2
Frost Mar 21-Apr 4
Moon Mar 21-Apr 4
Frost Mar 14
Sep 7
ChivesFrost Jan 16-30
Moon Jan 21-30
Frost Feb 20-27
Moon Feb 20-27
Frost Feb 20-27
Moon Feb 20-27
Sep 21
Cilantro (Coriander)N/AN/AFrost Mar 14-28
Moon Mar 21-28
Apr 4
CollardsFrost Jan 30-Feb 13
Moon Jan 30-Feb 5
Frost Feb 27-Mar 14
Moon Feb 27-Mar 7
Frost Feb 20-27
Moon Feb 20-27
Sep 7
CornN/AN/AFrost Mar 28-Apr 11
Moon Mar 28-Apr 5
Aug 31
CucumbersFrost Feb 20-27
Moon Feb 20-27
Frost Mar 21-Apr 4
Moon Mar 21-Apr 4
Frost Mar 28-Apr 4
Moon Mar 28-Apr 4
Sep 7
DillN/AN/AFrost Mar 6-28
Moon Mar 6- 7, Mar 22-28
Sep 21
EggplantsFrost Jan 16-30
Moon Jan 21-30
Frost Mar 28-Apr 4
Moon Mar 28-Apr 4
N/ASep 7
Fava Beans (Broad Beans)N/AN/AFrost Feb 13-20
Moon Feb 20
Mar 28
GarlicN/AN/AN/A
Green BeansN/AN/AFrost Mar 21-Apr 11
Moon Mar 21-Apr 5
Sep 7
Jalapeño PeppersFrost Jan 2-16
Moon Jan 2- 6
Frost Mar 28-Apr 4
Moon Mar 28-Apr 4
N/A
KaleFrost Jan 16-30
Moon Jan 21-30
Frost Feb 27-Mar 14
Moon Feb 27-Mar 7
Frost Feb 13-20
Moon Feb 20
Mar 28
KohlrabiFrost Jan 30-Feb 13
Moon Jan 30-Feb 5
Frost Feb 20-27
Moon Feb 20-27
Frost Feb 13-20
Moon Feb 20
Mar 28
LettuceFrost Jan 30-Feb 13
Moon Jan 30-Feb 5
Frost Feb 20-27
Moon Feb 20-27
Frost Feb 13-20
Moon Feb 20
Mar 28
OkraFrost Feb 13-27
Moon Feb 20-27
Frost Mar 28-Apr 4
Moon Mar 28-Apr 4
Frost Mar 28-Apr 11
Moon Mar 28-Apr 5
Sep 7
Onion SetsN/AFrost Feb 13-27
Moon Feb 13-19
N/AAug 10
OreganoFrost Jan 2-30
Moon Jan 2- 6, Jan 21-30
Frost Mar 21-Apr 4
Moon Mar 21-Apr 4
N/ASep 7
ParsleyFrost Jan 2-16
Moon Jan 2- 6
Frost Mar 21-Apr 4
Moon Mar 21-Apr 4
Frost Feb 13-Mar 21
Moon Feb 20-Mar 7
Aug 31
ParsnipsN/AN/AFrost Feb 13-20
Moon Feb 13-19
Aug 10
PeasN/AN/AFrost Feb 13-20
Moon Feb 20
Mar 28
PotatoesN/AN/AFrost Feb 13-27
Moon Feb 13-19
Sep 7
PumpkinsFrost Feb 20-Mar 6
Moon Feb 20-Mar 6
Frost Mar 28-Apr 4
Moon Mar 28-Apr 4
Frost Mar 28-Apr 4
Moon Mar 28-Apr 4
Aug 3
RadishesN/AN/AFrost Feb 13-20
Moon Feb 13-19
Sep 21
RosemaryFrost Dec 19-Jan 2
Moon Dec 23-Jan 2
Frost Mar 28-Apr 4
Moon Mar 28-Apr 4
N/ASep 21
SageFrost Jan 16-30
Moon Jan 21-30
Frost Mar 21-Apr 4
Moon Mar 21-Apr 4
N/AAug 31
SpinachFrost Jan 30-Feb 13
Moon Jan 30-Feb 5
Frost Feb 20-27
Moon Feb 20-27
Frost Feb 13-20
Moon Feb 20
Mar 28
Sweet PotatoesN/AN/AFrost Mar 28-Apr 11
Moon Apr 6-11
Aug 3
Swiss ChardFrost Jan 30-Feb 13
Moon Jan 30-Feb 5
Frost Feb 27-Mar 14
Moon Feb 27-Mar 7
Frost Feb 20-Mar 14
Moon Feb 20-Mar 7
Mar 28
ThymeFrost Jan 2-16
Moon Jan 2- 6
Frost Mar 21-28
Moon Mar 21-28
N/AAug 24
TomatillosFrost Jan 30-Feb 13
Moon Jan 30-Feb 5
Frost Mar 28-Apr 11
Moon Mar 28-Apr 5
N/AAug 31
TomatoesFrost Jan 16-30
Moon Jan 21-30
Frost Mar 28-Apr 4
Moon Mar 28-Apr 4
N/AAug 17
TurnipsN/AN/AFrost Feb 13-20
Moon Feb 13-19
Oct 19
WatermelonsFrost Feb 20-Mar 6
Moon Feb 20-Mar 6
Frost Mar 28-Apr 4
Moon Mar 28-Apr 4
Frost Mar 21-28
Moon Mar 21-28
Aug 17
Winter SquashFrost Feb 20-27
Moon Feb 20-27
Frost Mar 21-Apr 4
Moon Mar 21-Apr 4
Frost Mar 28-Apr 4
Moon Mar 28-Apr 4
Jul 27
Zucchini and Summer SquashFrost Feb 20-27
Moon Feb 20-27
Frost Mar 21-Apr 4
Moon Mar 21-Apr 4
Frost Mar 28-Apr 4
Moon Mar 28-Apr 4
Sep 14
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